Analisis Kontestasi Wacana Danais dalam Ruang Publik Pemberitaan SKH Kedaulatan Rakyat 2013-2014

NITI BAYU I, Miftah Adhi Ikhsanto, Mi. OP

2016 | Tesis | S2 Politik dan Pemerintahan

Studi ini dipicu kontradiksi dalam kontestasi wacana Danais DIY. Kontes wacana tersebut berada dalam kondisi yang favourable bagi tumbuhnya diskusi publik yang deliberatif. Ia berada dalam iklim pers yang bebas dari kekangan penguasa, keterbukaan bagi berbagai pihak untuk masuk dalam ruang publik pemberitaan, serta menghadapi isu Danais yang merupakan hal baru bagi publik DIY. Namun melalui elaborasi awal ditemukan adanya corak dominasi dalam ruang publik. Perspektif birokratis tampak menggejala dalam banyak teks pemberitaan. Untuk mendalami kontestasi wacana Danais, penelitian ini meminjam instrumen analisis wacana kritis dari Norman Fairclough. Analisis wacana Fairclough dibagi dalam tiga tahap yaitu analisis teks, analisis praktek wacana (produksi-konsumsi teks), dan analisis sosiokultural. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap teks berita Danais dalam SKH Kedaulatan Rakyat tahun 2013 dan 2014. Ada dua wacana yang mendominasi ruang publik, yaitu wacana maksimalisasi serapan anggaran oleh birokrasi serta wacana konstruksi relasi kuasa yang mengunggulkan lembaga eksekutif daerah atas lembaga legislatif daerah dan eksekutif pusat. Dominasi diraih dengan memaksa wacana-wacana marjinal menyelaraskan diri dengan kepentingan yang diusung wacana dominan. Penyebabnya, terindikasi adanya tekanan tidak langsung dari kepentingan ekonomi yang mempengaruhi kebijakan redaksional untuk meredam potensi konflik yang dikandung dalam isu Danais. Syarat-syarat deliberasi yaitu inklusi, non koersi, dan simetri diwujudkan secara tidak utuh, sehingga menimbulkan fenomena deliberasi semu yang menyelubungi relasi kuasa dominasi yang sesungguhnya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa gagalnya deliberasi dalam kontestasi wacana Danais merupakan dampak dari dominasi faktor ekonomi yang menimbulkan distorsi pada produsen teks dan pada tataran konteks pemberitaan, dan menyebabkan tidak tuntasnya pemenuhan syarat-syarat deliberasi. Untuk melakukan pembacaan terhadap faktor-faktor pendukung deliberasi secara mendalam, perlu dilengkapi dengan bantuan instrumen analisis lain.

This study was triggered by a contradiction that occurred in the discourse contestation of Danais DIY, which appeared to have a favorable condition for the growth of deliberation publik discussion. It is exist in free press era out of government intervention, a free-to-enter condition for every effected subject to be heard in the news public sphere, and being newto Danaisissue itself that brought everyone to a relatively level field. Through an early elaboration, domination pattern can be found in the aforementioned public sphere. Bureaucratic perspective seems to dominate most of the related news. The so called conducive environment for deliberation created a strong domination in the discourse contestation. To elaborate this contestation even further, this research borrowed critical discourse analysis from Norman Fairclough. In this paradigm, discourse is seen as one component of a larger social system, so that it can make influence but also being influenced by surrounding contextual characteristics. This critical discourse analysis method is divided in three major level, namely textual analysis, discourse practice analysis (text production and consumption), and sociocultural analysis. This research explore news text about Danaisthat appeared in SKH Kedaulatan Rakyat between 2013 and 2014. There are two discourses that dominated the public sphere: discourse of maximization of budget-absorption by the bureaucrat and discourse of power-relation that construct the supremacy of regional executive body above central executive and regional legislative. The domination were achieved by forcing other marginal discourses to be in-line with interest borne by dominant discourses. There is an indication of indirect economic pressure that heavily influenced editorial decisions to muffle potential conflict which itself was considered inherent in the issue of Danais. That subtle economic pressure determined as the cause aforementioned domination in public sphere. Three requirement of deliberative democracy, namely inclusion, non-coercion, and symmetry were failed to be fulfilled, therefore triggered the pseudo-deliberation that veiled true nature of domination found there. It can be concluded that failure of deliberation process in Danais discourse contestation in an effect of economic domination that triggered distortion that reach both text producer and news contextualization level. To be able to make a comprehensive reading of the situation, help from additional analytical tool is badly needed.

Kata Kunci : contestation, discourse, deliberative, Danais