IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN KERJA SAMA PERTAHANAN TERHADAP KESIAGAAN MILITER DI INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS KERJA SAMA BIDANG PERTAHANAN ANTARA INDONESIA DAN TIONGKOK TAHUN 2007)

AGUS PURWO WICAKSONO, Prof. Dr. Yeremias T. Keban, MURP; Prof. Dr. Muhadjir Darwin, MPA; Prof. Dr. Armaidy Armawi, M.Si.

2016 | Disertasi | S3 STUDI KEBIJAKAN

Setiap negara melaksanakan kerja sama pertahanan dengan tingkat komitmen yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi KPIT dalam meningkatkan kesiagaan militer Indonesia. Sebagai tindak lanjut, pemerintah Indonesia dalam hal ini Kemenhan, telah melaksanakan tindakan regulatif dan alokatif. Beberapa aturan telah diterbitkan, disosialisasikan, dikendalikan dan diawasi. Penunjukan pejabat telah dilakukan dan didukung dengan sumberdaya yang ada, sehingga semua kegiatan sesuai persetujuan kedua negara telah dilaksanakan. Kerja sama pertahanan dihipotesiskan bermanfaat dan berimplikasi terhadap kesiagaan militer meski dipengaruhi kondisi lingkungan. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui survey kepada 95 orang yang pernah mengikuti kegiatan KPIT, wawancara dan diskusi kelompok terfokus terhadap pihak-pihak yang berkompeten. Data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai dokumen. Data yang terkumpul, dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan didukung data kuantitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, kegiatan KPIT berimplikasi sangat kecil terhadap kesiagaan militer di Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan kegiatan KPIT baru digunakan sebagai sarana diplomasi pertahanan. Namun demikian, kegiatan tersebut sangat bermanfaat bagi para pelakunya dan berimplikasi sangat besar bagi kesiagaan individu. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa kegiatan KPIT berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kekuatan nasional Indonesia melalui kesiagaan militer. Pertukaran informasi dan industri pertahanan dapat meningkatkan kualitas organisasi, doktrin, kebijakan, kurikulum pendidikan militer, alih teknologi alutsista, termasuk kemungkinan produksi bersama. Latihan militer bersama dapat meningkatkan kemampuan anti teror, bela diri militer, pembebasan sandera, dan lainnya. Kelemahan menonjol sehingga berimplikasi sangat kecilnya manfaat bagi satuan bisa dilihat dari empat faktor yaitu elite politik, pimpinan satuan, anggaran, dan pelaku dan pelaksana.

Every country establishes defence cooperation with each other with different levels of commitment. This study aims at analyzing some factors affecting the ITDC in improving Indonesia military preparedness. As a follow up, the Indonesian government, in this case through the Ministry of Defence, has taken some regulatory and allocative measures. Some regulations have been issued, disseminated, controlled and supervised. Officials have been appointed with the support of the existing resources so that all the activities are conducted as agreed by the two countries involved. It is hypothesized that the defence cooperation will be beneficial and that it will have some implications on the military preparedness despite the influence of the environmental conditions. The primary data were collected through a survey of 95 people who had participated in the ITDC, interviews and focus group discussions involving competent parties. Meanwhile the secondary data were obtained from various documents. The collected data were analyzed using a qualitative approach with the support of quantitative data. The outcome of the analysis demonstrates that the ITDC activities contribute very little to the Indonesian military preparedness. The reason behind this is that the ITDC activities have merely been used as the means of defence diplomacy. However, those activities were found to be beneficial for the individuals involved and have significant implications on their preparedness. This study also found that the ITDC activities contribute to improving the Indonesia's national strength in terms of increased military preparedness. Exchange of information and defence industry will improve the quality of the organization, doctrine, policy, military course curriculum, technology transfer of the primary weaponry defence system, including the possibility of joint production. Meanwhile, joint military exercises will increase anti-terror capabilities, military self-defence, hostage rescue, and others. The notable weaknesses that result in small contribution to the work units as a whole can be seen from four aspects are political elites, leaders, budgetary, and actors or implementers.

Kata Kunci : Kebijakan kerja sama pertahanan, manfaat, implikasi, kesiagaan militer / defence cooperation policies, benefits, implications, military preparedness.