PEMANFAATAN KEONG MAS (Pomacea canaliculata) SEBAGAI SUMBER ASAM LEMAK PAKAN UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DAGING DAN TELUR ITIK ALABIO (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) YANG DIPELIHARA SECARA INTENSIF

AHMAD SUBHAN, Prof. Dr. Ir. Tri Yuwanta, S.U., DEA.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Zuprizal, DEA.; Dr. Ir. Supadmo, M.S.

2016 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formulasi pakan itik Alabio yang dipelihara secara intensif dengan memanfaatkan keong mas rawa lebak dan rawa pasang surut sebagai sumber asam lemak pakan yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol daging dan telur itik, meningkatkan performan, kualitas kimia dan fisik, dan daya terima konsumen. Penelitian dilakukan 2 tahapan: 1). Kajian potensi dan kandungan nutrien keong mas (Pomacea caniliculata).Variabel yang diamati meliputi potensi ketersediaan keong mas dan kandungan nutrien. Aplikasi formulasi pakan terhadap itik Alabio priode bertelur (tahapan 2) menggunakan 180 ekor betina siap bertelur dan 36 ekor jantan (umur 22 minggu) yang dbagi dalam 9 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan uji lanjut dengan DMRT. Variabel yang diamati meliputi performan, profil lemak darah (trigliserida, LDL, HDL dan kolesterol), dan karakteristik penetasan, kualitas fisik dan kimia daging dan telur serta daya terima konsumen (organoleptik). Untuk daya terima konsumen (hedonik) dilakukan tabulasi dengan uji non parametrik melalui uji Kruskal-Wallis dan uji lanjut dengan men whitney. Hasil penelitian tahap pertama menunjukkan bahwa potensi keong mas sebagai bahan pakan itik untuk lokasi rawa lebak adalah sebanyak 114,2 ribu ton BK, atau dapat mencukupi kebutuhan itik sebanyak 20,8 juta ekor. sementara untuk lokasi rawa pasang surut dapat menyediakan sumber pakan sebesar 31,04 ribu ton setara dengan kebutuhan itik 5,6 juta ekor. Hasil l analisis asam lemak keong mas rawa lebak terdiri dari 47,85% SAFA, 27,49% MUFA dan 24,66% PUFA, Hasil penelitian tahap 2 pemanfaatan keong mas dalam pakan tidak memberikan pengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, produksi telur, berat telur, trigliserida, HDL, kolesterol darah, fertilitas, tetapi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konversi pakan, penurunan LDL, daya tetas, kematian embrio dan bobot tetas. Perlakuan juga menunjukkan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap sifat fisik (daya ikat air, susut masak dan keempukan/tenderness), dan kimia (air, protein, lemak) daging, kolesterol daging dan telur. Namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap pH daging, sifat fisik telur (berat telur, tebal kerabang, kekuatan kerabang, HU, warna kuning telur) dan daya terima terhadap daging dan telur. Kesimpulan penelitian ini keong mas sebagai sumber asam lemak pakan itik Alabio menghasilkan pengaruh positif terhadap produksi telur, konversi pakan, penurunan kolesterol daging dan telur, susut masak, dan tidak mempengaruhi tingkat daya terima/kesukaan konsumen terhadap produk itik Alabio baik daging maupun telur.

This study was aimed to obtain the ration formulation Alabio ducks raised intensive utilizing swamps apple snails and tidal swamps as a source of feed fatty acids that can lower cholesterol levels of meat and duck eggs, improve the performance, quality and physical chemistry, and consumer acceptability. The study was conducted two phases: 1). Study of potential and nutrient content snails (Pomacea caniliculata) .Variabel observed the potential availability of snails and nutrient content. Applications to the feed formulation Alabio duck nesting period (phase 2) using 180 females ready to spawn and 36 males (age 22 weeks) which were in 9 treatments and 4 replications based on a completely randomized design (CRD) and a further test with DMRT. Variables observed included performan, blood lipid profile (trigliserida, LDL, HDL and cholesterol) and hatching characteristics, the physical and chemical quality of meat and eggs and consumer acceptability (organoleptic). while for consumer acceptance (hedonic) tabulation done by non-parametric test by Kruskal-Wallis test and further tests by downloading Whitney. The first phase of the research results showed that the potential of snails as duck feed material to the location of the Valley was as much as 114,2 thousand tons of BK, or can meet the needs of as many as 20.8 million ducks while the location of the tidal can provide a source of feed for 31.04 thousand tons equivalent to 5.6 million duck. The results of fatty acid analysis results swamps snails SAFA consists of 47.85%, 27.49% 24.66% MUFA and PUFA, phase 2 study results of the use of snails in the diet did not affect (P>0.05) on feed consumption , egg production, carcass weight, triglycerides, HDL, blood cholesterol, fertility, but significant (P<0.05) on feed conversion, reduced LDL, hatchability, embryo mortality and weight of hatching. Phase 3 study results showed significant effect (P<0.05) on the physical properties (water holding capacity, cooking losses and tenderness / tenderness), and chemicals (water, protein, fat) of meat, meat and egg cholesterol, but did not affect the pH of the meat, physical properties of the egg (egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, HU, yolk color) and the acceptability of the meat and eggs. The conclusion of this study snails as a source of the fatty acid ration Alabio ducks produced a positive effect on egg production, feed conversion, decreased cholesterol meat and eggs, cooking losses and did not have significant infuence on consumer acceptance/ preferences towards Alabio duck meat or eggs products.

Kata Kunci : Itik Alabio, Keong mas, Asam lemak, Performan, Kolesterol / Alabio ducks , Snail apple, Fatty acids, Performan, Cholesterol