Hubungan Sensitisasi Alergen Kepiting dengan Kejadian Rinitis Alergika pada Anak

SHARFAN ANZHARI, dr. Sumadiono, Sp.A(K);dr. Cahya Dewi Satria, Sp.A

2015 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Rinitis alergika (RA) merupakan permasalahan kesehatan global yang mempengaruhi 10-20% populasi. 80-90% anak-anak dengan gejala rinitis alergika berlanjut hingga dewasa. Prevalensi alergi shellfish di Asia sebesar 15,8% yang merupakan penyebab tersering reaksi negatif makanan di Asia. Penelitian mengenai sensitisasi alergen kepiting terhadap kejadian rinitis alergika masih jarang dilakukan, sehingga hal ini penting untuk diteliti. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan sensitisasi alergen kepiting terhadap kejadian rinitis alergika pada anak Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian potong lintang. Subyek penelitian adalah anak usia sekolah PAUD hingga SD di Yogyakarta pada bulan April-September 2013. Sampel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Dari 372 subyek, didapatkan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 155 (41,7%) subyek dan perempuan sebesar 217 (58,3%) subyek, dengan median usia 8 tahun dan riwayat atopi keluarga sebesar 66 (17,7%) subyek. Terdapat 55 (14,8%) subyek mengalami RA. Dari 55 subyek RA, didapatkan 13 (3,5%) subyek memiliki hasil uji tusuk kulit positif terhadap alergen kepiting. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara sensitisasi alergen kepiting dengan kejadian rinitis alergika pada anak (p = 0,004). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara sensitisasi alergen kepiting dengan kejadian rinitis alergika pada anak.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) represents a global health problem affecting 10 to 20% of the population. 80-90% of children with allergic rhinitis symptoms continue into adulthood. Prevalence of shellfish allergies in Asia is 15,8% which become the leading cause of adverse food reaction in Asia. Study about relationship between crab allergen sensitization with the occurence of allergic rhinitis in children done infrequently made this study conducted. Objective: To determine the relationship between crab allergen sensitization with the occurence of allergic rhinitis in children. Method: The study design was a cross sectional study. Subject were children in school age from play group until elementary school in Yogyakarta from April-September 2013. Sample was selected based on inclusion criteria. This study is statistically analyzed using chi square method. Result: From 372 subjects, there were 155 (41,7%) boys and 217 (58,3%) girls, with 8 years old median age and 66 (17,7%) subjects with history of atopic. There were 55 (14,8%) subjects who had AR. From 55 AR subjects, 13 (3,5%) subjects had a positive skin prick test result to crab allergen. There is significant association between crab allergen sensitization with the occurence or allergic rhinitis in children (p = 0,004). Kesimpulan: There is significant association between crab allergen sensitization with the occurence or allergic rhinitis in children.

Kata Kunci : alergi, alergen kepiting, rinitis alergika