ANALISIS FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PROFITABILITAS BUSN DEVISA DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2008 - 2013

ADITYA NASUTION, I Wayan Nuka Lantara. M.Si., Ph.D.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Manajemen

Penelitian ini menguji faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi profitabilitas BUSN Devisa di Indonesia periode 2008 - 2013. Faktor - faktor yang diuji dalam penelitian ini yaitu indikator ekonomi makro seperti tingkat inflasi, kurs $/Rp dan suku bunga Bank Indonesia. Selain faktor dari ekonomi makro, faktor siklus bank juga turut diuji berupa rasio - rasio bank seperti Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non-Performing Loan (NPL). Profitabilitas dalam penelitian ini dilihat dari Return on Asset (ROA) dan Return on Equity (ROE). Penelitian didasarkan oleh penelitian sebelumnya oleh Demirguc-Kunt dan Detragiache (1998) dimana pentingnya memahami keterkaitan antara kerapuhan seckor perbankan dan ekonomi. Sementara Lantara (2013) mengemukakan indikator ekonomi makro dan indikator siklus bank dapat menjadi early warning indicators untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya instabilitas perbankan dan mencegah potensi terjadinya krisis finansial yang lebih luas. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kurs $/Rp memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas bank BUSN Devisa. Sementara suku bunga Bank Indonesia memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas dari sisi ROA. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan manajemen bank dan regulator lebih memberikan perhatian terhadap indikator - indikator yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap profitabilitas bank seperti kurs dan suku bunga Bank Indonesia. Dengan demikian diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk melihat kondisi perbankan dan ekonomi di Indonesia dan juga untuk menjaga stabilitas perbankan dan kondisi ekonomi.

This study examines the factors that affect the profitability Foreign Exchange Commercial Banks in the period 2008 - 2013. Factors that were tested in this research are macro economic indicators such as inflation, exchange rate $/Rp and BI Rate. In addition to the factors of macro economic factors, bank cycle factors were also tested in the form of bank ratios such as Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non-Performing Loan (NPL). Profitability in this study is measured by Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The research was based on previous research by Demirgu-Kunt and Detragiache (1998) in which the importance of understanding the linkages between the fragility of the banking sector and the economy. While Lantara (2013) suggests macroeconomic indicators and indicators of the bank cycle can be early warning indicators of banking instability to anticipate and prevent the potential for a broader financial crisis. The results of this study indicate that the exchange rate $/Rp has a negative effect on Foreign Exchange Commercial Banks profitability. While BI Rate has a negative impact on profitability measured by ROA. Bank management and regulators is expected to give more attention to indicators that impact the profitability of banks such as exchange rate and BI Rate. It is expected to be used to see the banking and economic conditions in Indonesia and also to maintain the banking stability and economic conditions.

Kata Kunci : Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Return on Asset (ROA) dan Return on Equity (ROE), Profitabilitas Bank, Rasio Keuanga