HUBUNGAN SENSITISASI ALERGEN UDANG DENGAN KEJADIAN DERMATITIS ATOPI PADA ANAK

HINDUN ZAKIYAH, Dr. Sumadiono, Sp. A(K);dr. Cahya Dewi Satria, Sp.A

2016 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Dermatitis atopik merupakan suatu kelainan kulit yang cukup sering mengenai bayi, anak - anak hingga dewasa di seluruh dunia dengan dampak sosio-ekonomi yang tinggi dan secara luas berkaitan pada kualitas hidup pasien. Pravelensi dermatitis atopik telah meningkat tiga kali lipat di negara - negara maju selama tiga dekade terakhir, 15-30% menyerang anak - anak dan 2-10% menyerang dewasa. Alergen makanan dapat menyebabkan alergi, salah satunya yaitu shellfish. Di Asia, termasuk Indonesia, shellfish menjadi salah satu jenis makanan yang paling sering menyebabkan alergi. Udang merupakan salah satu jenis shellfish yang dapat menyebabkan alergi. Belum ada penelitian terdahulu yang secara spesifik meneliti tentang hal ini. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan sensitisasi alergen udang terhadap kejadian dermatitis atopik pada anak. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian potong lintang. Subyek penelitian adalah anak usia sekolah PAUD hingga SD di Yogyakarta pada bulan April-September 2013. Sampel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Dari 415 Subyek, didapatkan karakteristik dasar Subjek dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 178 (42,9%) Subyek dan perempuan sebesar 237 (57,1%) Subyek, dengan median usia 8 tahun dan riwayat atopi keluarga sebesar 141 (34%) Subyek. Terdapat 87 (20,9%) Subyek mengalami DA dan 328 (79,0%) Subyek tidak mengalami DA. Dari 87 Subyek DA, didapatkan 11 (2,65%) Subyek memiliki hasil uji tusuk kulit positif terhadap alergen udang. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara sensitisasi alergen udang dengan kejadian dermatitis atopi pada anak (p = 0,960). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara sensitisasi alergen udang terhadap kejadian dermatitis atopik pada anak.

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder often affects babies, children and adults around the world with high socio-economic impact and broadly relates to the quality of life of patients. Atopic dermatitis prevalence has increased threefold in developed countries over the past three decades, 15-30% affects children and 2-10% affects adults. Food allergens may cause allergies, one of which is shellfish. Shellfish contain food allergen that may cause allergy. In Asia, including Indonesia, shellfish is one of the most common food that may cause allergic reaction. Sensitization to shrimp may trigger shellfish allergic reaction. There has been no previous studies that specifically studied this topic. Objective:To determine the relationship between shimp allergen sensitization with the occurence of atopic dermatitis in children. Method:The study design is a cross sectional study. Subjects studied were children in school age ranging from playgroup to elementary school in Yogyakarta during April-September 2013. Sample was selected based on the inclusion criteria. This study is then statistically analyzed using chi square. Results: From 415 subjects, there were 178 (42,9%) boys and 237 (57,1%) girls, with 8 year of median age and 141 (34%) subjects with history of atopic. There were 87 (20,9%) subjects who had AD and 328 (79,0%) who had not AD. From 80 AD subjects, 11 (2,65%) subjects had a positive skin prick test results to shrimp allergens. There is no significant association between shrimp allergens sensitization with the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in children (p = 0.960). Conclusion: There is no proven relationship between shrimp allergen sensitization with the occurence of atopic dermatitis in children.

Kata Kunci : alergen udang, hypersensitivitas, dermatitis atopik/shrimp alergen, hypersensitivity, atopic dermatitis