ALELOPATI INTRASPESIES PADA ACACIA DECURRENS DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI

SINOM SINUNG PROBO HAPSORO, Ir. Dwi Tyaningsih Adriyanti, M.P.; Dr. Ir. Eny Faridah, M.Sc.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Sebagian besar A. decurrens di kawasan-kawasan tertentu di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi memiliki kenampakan fisik (tinggi dan diameter) yang relatif sama. Pada bagian populasi yang didominasi oleh tumbuhan A. decurrens dewasa hanya sedikit dijumpai semai A. decurrens. Dengan kondisi populasi demikian, maka diduga ada zat tertentu pada tumbuhan A. decurrens yang juga berpengaruh terhadap A. decurrens tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan alelopati intraspesies dan bagian tumbuhan dengan alelopati intraspesies terkuat pada A. decurrens. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Silvikultur Intensif Klebengan FKT UGM antara April sampai dengan Agustus 2015. Perlakuan penelitian yang digunakan adalah perbedaan pemberian zat ektraktif (akar dan daun) dan dosis zat ekstraktif terhadap air (1 : 7 dan 1 : 14). Setiap perlakuan diulang 10 kali dengan media tanam hydrogel. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif pertumbuhan yang berupa data daya tahan, rerata pertumbuhan tinggi dan akar. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semai A. decurrens yang telah diberi perlakuan pemberian zat ekstraktif akar maupun daun telah menunjukkan adanya penurunan pada daya tahan, rerata pertumbuhan tinggi, maupun rerata pertumbuhan panjang akar. Waktu kematian tercepat, rerata pertumbuhan tinggi terendah, dan rerata pertumbuhan panjang akar terendah pada semai A. decurrens ditunjukkan pada perlakuan zat ekstraktif akar terhadap air dengan perbandingan 1 : 7 (R7). Meskipun demikian, perlakuan dengan pemberian zat ekstraktif daun terhadap air dengan perbandingan 1 : 14 (L14) mengakibatkan kematian terbanyak walaupun kematian tersebut terjadi pada waktu lama.

Most of A. decurrens in the region, in specific areas of Mount Merapi National Park, has a similar general physical appearance both tree height and diameter. In some parts of populations dominated by A. decurrens were rarely found A. decurrens seedlings. In such condition, it was presumed that there were certain substances contained in the plant organs affecting them. This study aimed to know the presence of intraspecies allelopathy of A. decurrens and determine which part of the plant organs and which level of dose of leaf or root extraction-to-tap water have the strongerst effect. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Intensive Silviculture Klebengan Faculty of Forestry UGM, from April to August 2015. Root (R) and leaf (L) extractions was diluted into tap water with the following arrangement = leaf extraction-to-tap water was 1:7 (L7) and 1:14 (L14); root extraction-to-tap water was 1:7 (R7) and 1:14 (R14). Each treatment was repeated 10 times. Plants were grown under hydrogel media in plastic-bottle pot. Plant height growth was measured every three days and the length root growth was measured fortnightly. Data were analysed using descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the additions of root and leaf extraction affected the survival rate, height and root growth of A. decurrens seedlings. The fastest death period and the lowest mean stem height growth and mean root length of the seedlings were observed at plants treated with R7 (root extraction : tap water = 1:7). Although plants treated with L14 (leaf extraction : tap water = 1:14) showed the slowest death period, but they had the highest death rate.

Kata Kunci : Acacia decurrens, intraspecies allelopathy, survival rate, seedlings hieght growth, lenght root growth