Dampak Pemanfaatan Perumputan Oleh Masyarakat Desa Penyangga (Kasus Perumputan di Resort Srumbung Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi)

DARMAWAN, Dr. Satyawan Pudyatmoko, Dr.Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Dampak Pemanfaatan Perumputan Oleh Masyarakat Desa Penyangga (Kasus Perumputan di Resort Srumbung Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi) Keberadaan kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi tidak lepas dengan permasalahan intervensi manusia dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya alam berupa perumputan atau pemanfaatan sumber pakan ternak dengan persebaran hampir di seluruh kawasan khususnya area penyangga kawasan. Implikasinya adalah kerusakan habitat dan ancaman kelestarian kawasan. Aktivitas perumputan dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial ekonomi masyarakat yang berkembang dalam dinamika masyarakat serta relasi ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk 1). Identifikasi pola perumputan masyarakat pada Desa Ngablak di Wilayah TNGM, 2). Mengetahui kondisi struktur, komposisi dan keragaman jenis vegetasi serta kerusakan di lokasi terjadinya perumputan, dan 3). Menyusun solusi penanganan perumputan di kawasan TNGM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode kuantitatif berupa analisis vegetasi meliputi frekuensi, kerapatan jenis, indeks keanekaragaman, komposisi jenis dan kerusakan anakan. Metode kualitatif dilakukan dengan analisis induktif sedangkan metode pengambilan data dilakukan dengan depth and free interview dan partisipatory observation. Kombinasi metode dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh gambaran perumputan secara mendalam sehingga dapat dirumuskan solusi pengelolaannya. Pola perumputan dapat digolongkan berdasarkan waktu dan rotasi pemanenan, jenis pakan, dan bentuk penggarapan. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya pola perumputan tersebut adalah sebaran jenis rumput pakan, kapasitas produksi pakan, jarak lokasi dan status/bentuk pengelolaan perumputan. Perumputan memiliki dampak terhadap struktur tegakan, komposisi jenis dan indek keragaman jenis. Dampak perumputan ini disebabkan oleh adanya introduksi jenis asing yang mengancam keberadaan jenis asli dalam kawasan TNGM. Solusi penanganan yang dapat diterapkan meliputi penetapan zona tradisional untuk perumputan yang ideal, alih teknologi pakan, membangun pola perumputan kesepakatan dengan cara mediasi dan komunikasi para pihak, membangun persamaan persepsi melalui kompromi dan kolaborasi, pembinaan dan pendampingan kelompok, inisiasi regulasi zona tradisional perumputan.

The Effects of the Grassing Activity by Society in the Supporting Village (A study case in Srumbung Resort at the Gunung Merapi National Park) Abstract The most common issue regarding the exsistance of the Gunung Merapi National Park conservation area is the human intervention regarding the using of natural resources, such as grassing for feeding the livestocks. It is causing damage on the environment as well as habitat including the preservation of nature. The grassing activity is caused by the social and economic factor spesifically on how the society dependency on the natural resources. This study aimed for 1) identify the grassing activity in the Ngablak as a part of Gunung Merapi National Park area, 2) looking at the structure, compotition and the variety of the vegetation on the area of national park, including the hazard that occurred, and 3) providing solution on the grassing issue mentioned before. This study was hiring quantitative as well as qualitative approach. Quantitative approach used in purpose to analyzing vegetation including the frequency, the density of the vegetation variety, diversity index, the compotition of breed and damages on the plant buds. The qualitative method applied on the inductive analysis, involving depth and free interview and partisipatory observation as the data collection method. The using of those method were expected to find depth description on the grassing, thus the solution regarding to the issue could be found. The result of this study found that grassing activity could be categorised based on the time and the harvesting rotation, the feed variety, and also the cultivation form. Those categories occur influenced by the distribution of the grass variety, the capacity of the feed production, the distance from the village to the grassing area and the status of the grassing management. This study also identifies that grassing activity giving effect on the structure of forest stand, the compotition of the variety and diversity index. They are caused by the presence of the unidentified variety that impend the genuine variety in the area of Gunung Merapi National Park. The solution can be applied regarding this issue is determine traditional zone for the more ideal grassing activity, transferring technology on feed production, developing agreement on the grassing activity through mediated dialogue between among parties, developing compromise and collaboration for improving understanding on the perception about national park, guidance and supervision is needed, and the initiation on the regulation of grassing traditional zone.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: perumputan, pola, dampak, solusi penanganan/Keywords: grassing, national park, traditional zone.