Resolusi Konflik Tenurial Kawasan Hutan (Kasus BKPH Pandean Perum Perhutani KPH Ngawi)

DIAN PRATIWI, Dr. Ahmad Maryudi, S.Hut., M.For., Dr. Ir. Ris Hadi Purwanto, M. Agr.Sc.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Ketidakpastian tenurial merupakan permasalahan besar dalam pengelolaan hutan dengan prinsip Sustainable Forest Management (SFM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui anatomi dan dinamika konflik tenurial yang terjadi di BKPH Pandean Perum Perhutani KPH Ngawi serta merumuskan strategi prioritas resolusi konflik yang dapat digunakan dalam penyelesaian tenurial. Penelitian dilakukan pada kawasan hutan BKPH Pandean KPH Ngawi Perum Perhutani Divisi Regional Jawa Timur dengan menggunakan pendekatan sequential exploratory yaitu kombinasi antara metode kualitatif dengan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara secara mendalam (in-depth interview), observasi dan studi dokumen. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, dilanjutkan dengan SWOT dan AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anatomi konflik tenurial BKPH Pandean terdiri dari penyebab, pemetaan konflik, jenis dan tipe. Penyebab konflik mencakup: keterbatasan akses dan lahan, kemiskinan, rendahnya kesadaran lingkungan, peran sponsor dan masih relatif rendahnya SDM pengelola. Pemetaan konflik meliputi hubungan yang terjadi antar aktor utama (pengelola dan masyarakat) dan aktor lainnya (LMDH, kepala desa, sponsor/bos tebu, LSM, media massa, camat, dan kepolisian) dengan isu konflik. Menurut jenis dan tipenya, konflik tenurial di kawasan hutan BKPH Pandean dikategorikan ke dalam konflik vertikal dan terbuka. Dinamika konflik terjadi sebagai akibat ketidaktepatan upaya penanganan dampak konflik penjarahan hutan pasca reformasi, yaitu berupa implementasi kebijakan agrobisnis tebu yang justru menimbulkan konflik baru sehingga mengancam kelestarian pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan ke depan. Eskalasi konflik tampak di ruang publik setelah dikeluarkannya perintah pembongkaran paksa tebu oleh Administratur setempat. Upaya penanganan konflik dapat dilakukan dengan strategi prioritas yakni peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas SDM pengelola hutan berupa sanksi tegas, kenaikan gaji, insentif, diklat dan rekruitmen (khususnya di tingkat lokal) yang harus diimbangi dengan optimalisasi PHBM: sosialisasi, pelatihan intensif terhadap masyarakat dan pemaksimalan penggunaan dana profit sharing.

Tenure uncertainty is a major problem in forest management with the employment of the principles of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM). This research is to examine the anatomy and the dynamics of tenure conflict in BKPH Pandean Perum Perhutani KPH Ngawi and to formulate conflict resolution priority strategy which could be used to solve that tenure. This study was conducted in the forest area of BKPH Pandean Perum Perhutani KPH Ngawi, East Java Regional Division of Perum Perhutani which used sequential exploratory approach, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collected was performed by in-depth interview, observation and documents studied. Data analysis was performed descriptively, SWOT and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research result shows that the anatomy of tenure conflict in BKPH Pandean has covered the causes, conflict mapping, kinds, and types. The causes of conflicts include limited access and land, poverty, low environmental awareness, sponsors and the relatively low of human resources (SDM) of the management. Conflict mapping covers the relations between the major actors (managers and community) including the other actors (LMDH, village head, sponsors/sugar cane business people, the NGOs, mass media, district head, and police) and conflict issues. Regarding their kinds and types, tenurial conflicts in the forest area of BKPH Pandean were categorized into vertical and open conflicts. The dynamics of the conflict is the result of the inaccurate efforts used when addressing the impacts of forest plundering conflicts happening after the reformation. In fact, the implementation of sugar cane agribusiness policy has caused new conflict threatening the sustainability of forest resources management in the future. Conflict escalation appears in public when the local administrator insists on demolishing sugar cane crops. Conflict resolutions can take priority strategies, i.e. increasing the quality and quantity of the human resources, namely the forest managers which might include strict sanctions, salary increases, incentives, trainings, and recruitment (especially at the local level); those that should be carried out along with the optimization of PHBM which includes socialization and intensive trainings given for the community, and along with the optimization of the use of profit sharing.

Kata Kunci : konflik, tenurial, resolusi/conflict, resolusion, tenure