DAYA SAING EKSPOR KOPI INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL: Pendekatan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Constant Market Share (CMS)

HERNA O. S, Amirullah Setya Hardi, SE., Cand.Oecon., Ph.D.,

2015 | Skripsi | ILMU EKONOMI

Indonesia merupakan negara produsen kopi keempat terbesar dunia setelah Brazil, Vietnam, dan Kolombia. ICO (International Coffee Organization) mencatat pertumbuhan total konsumsi kopi dunia meningkat 2,3 persen dalam periode 2011-2014. Kopi masuk dalam kategori komoditas ekspor unggulan yang nilai perdagangannya menyumbang devisa terbesar keempat di sektor non migas. Menurut proses pengolahannya, kelompok green coffee dan roasted coffee menduduki posisi ekspor terbanyak dari Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan ekspor kopi Indonesia dan menganalisis daya saing komoditas yang sama di pasar internasional. Akses data utama berasal dari website FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) dengan data tambahan dari berbagai sumber untuk melengkapi informasi yang dibutuhkan saat analisis. Untuk melihat dinamika ekspor kopi Indonesia, penelitian ini menggunakan data termutakhir dalam kurun waktu 15 tahun, yakni periode 1998-2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua pendekatan, yakni RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) dan CMS (Constant Market Share). Pendekatan RCA akan dilanjutkan pada pendekatan RSCA (Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage) untuk menjelaskan dinamika keunggulan komparatif ekspor kopi Indonesia dibandingkan dengan negara pesaing. Pendekatan CMS Leamer-Stern akan menjelaskan beberapa efek yang mempengaruhi ekspor Indonesia, termasuk efek daya saing kopi.

Indonesia is the world's fourth-largest coffee producer after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia. ICO (International Coffee Organization) recorded a total growth in world coffee consumption increased by 2.3 per cent in 2011-2014. Coffee categorized in the main export commodities accounted for the fourth largest foreign exchange in the non-oil sector. According to the coffee processing stage, green coffee and roasted coffee exports is the highest position in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the dynamics of Indonesia's coffee exports and to analyze the competitiveness of the same commodities in the international market. Access key data derived from the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) website with additional data from various sources to complete the required information during analysis. To view the dynamics of Indonesia's coffee exports, this study uses the data in the latest period of 15 years, ie the period of 1998-2012. This study used two approaches, RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) and CMS (Constant Market Share). RCA approach will be continued on RSCA (Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage) approach to explain the dynamics of comparative advantage of Indonesia's coffee exports in comparison with competitor countries. CMS approach Leamer-Stern will explain some of the effects that affect Indonesia's exports, including the competitiveness effect of coffee.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: export, green coffee, roasted coffee, comparative advantage, competitiveness effect, RCA, CMS