PRARANCANGAN PABRIK MARGARIN DARI PALM OIL - MINYAK SAWIT DENGAN KAPASITAS 20.000 TON/TAHUN

WEINDA HARTIWI P, Wiratni, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK KIMIA

Pabrik margarine ini dirancang dengan kapasitas 20.000 ton/tahun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri dan diharapkan mampu bersaing untuk ekspor ke luar negeri. Bahan baku yang dibutuhkan adalah RBDPO (Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil) sebesar 26.698 ton/tahun dan soybean oil sebesar 4920 ton/tahun. Perancangan pabrik ini menggunakan bahan baku RBDPO (Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil). Tahap pertama adalah persiapan bahan baku, di mana RBDPO mengalami fraksinasi menjadi palm stearin yang akan digunakan sebagai reaktan dan palm olein yang menjadi hasil samping. Kemudian tahap proses, di mana palm stearin dan soybean oil dengan komposisi 70:30 persen berat direaksikan dengan bantuan katalis lipozyme dalam reaktor fixed bed R-01 pada 1 atm dan 70 oC. Tahap terakhir adalah pengolahan produk dengan menambahankan bahan-bahan penunjang, yaitu bumbu fasa minyak (zat pengemulsi lecithin, monogliserida, vit A-β-carotene) dan fasa air (garam, natrium benzoat, susu bubuk, air). Utilitas yang diperlukan terdiri dari air dengan kebutuhan sebesar 12.368,3776 kg/jam; steam jenuh sebesar 260,0813 kg/jam; bahan bakar sebesar 27,8110 kg/jam; refrigeran sebesar 119,4760 kg/jam dan listrik sebesar 606,6849 kW. Pabrik ini direncanakan untuk didirikan di Kawasan Industri Rungkut Surabaya dengan luas tanah 2,0 Ha dan total karyawan yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 187 orang. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan evaluasi ekonomi, diperoleh nilai Fixed Capital Investment sebesar $7,383,402.40 + Rp 50.182.601.545,26 dan Working Capital sebesar $4,683,362.21 + Rp 41.447.841.029,67. Hasil analisis kelayakan pabrik menghasilkan nilai Return On Investment sebelum pajak sebesar 56,45%; Return On Investment setelah pajak sebesar 28,22%; Pay Out Time sebelum pajak sebesar 1,50 tahun; Pay Out Time setelah pajak sebesar 2,62 tahun; Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 31,35%; Shut Down Point (SDP) sebesar 20,37%; Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) sebesar 28,35%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kelayakan Pabrik Margarin dari Palm Oil � Minyak Sawit dengan kapasitas 20.000 ton/tahun ini cukup menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut.

Preliminary design of margarine plant from palm oil with production capacity of 20.000 ton/year is intended to fulfill the margarine demand in Indonesia and hopefully to be exported to other countries. The raw material needed are RBDPO as much as 26.698 ton/year and soybean oil as much as 4920 ton/year. This margarine plant uses RBDPO as the raw material. First step is to prepare the RBDPO where it is fractionated to be palm stearin as the material and palm olein as the side product. Second step is the process to produce margarine oil where 70:30 %weight of palm stearin and soybean oil is reacted in a fixed bed reactor at 70 oC and 1 atm with the help of lipozyme catalyst. The last step is the processing of margarine product, where lecithin, mono-digliseride, vitamin A, salt, water, sodium benzoate, and milk powder are added to margarine oil. Utility needed consists of water as much as 12.368,3776 kg/hour; saturated steam as much as 260,0813 kg/hour; fuel oil as much as 27,8110 kg/hour; refrigerant as much as 119,4760 kg/hour and electricity as much as 606,6849 kW. This plant is planned to be built in Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut with area of 2 hectares and 187 employees. Based on economic evaluation, Fixed Capital Investment is $7,383,402.40 + Rp 50.182.601.545,26 and Working Capital is $4,683,362.21 + Rp 41.447.841.029,67. Then based on economic analysis, Return On Investment before taxes is 56,45%; Return On Investment after taxes is 28,22%; Pay Out Time before taxes is 1,50 years; Pay Out Time after taxes is 2,62 years; Break Even Point (BEP) is 31,35%; Shut Down Point (SDP) is 20,37%; and Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) is 28,35%. Based on data above can be concluded that margarine factory from palm oil with capacity of 20.000 tons/year is interesting enough for further studies.

Kata Kunci : Interesterifikasi, RBDPO, Palm Stearin, Soybean Oil, Margarin