Deliberative Democracy dalam Masyarakat Desa (Studi Implementasi Musyawarah Rencana Pembangunan Sebagai Instrumen Deliberative Democracy di Desa Pandowoharjo, Padukuhan Tlacap-Grojogan, Kecamatan Sleman, Kabupaten Sleman, DI Yogyakarta)

RISA SEPTIANA, MIFTAH ADHI IKSANTO, S.I.P., M.A

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU PEMERINTAHAN (POLITIK DAN PEMERINTAHAN)

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengulas demokrasi deliberatif diaras lokal yang terbingkai dalam Musrenbang dalam ranah lokal desa. Dalam mengelaborasi penelitian yang mengesensikan kegagalan partisipatif dalam proses Musrenbang, serta menjawab implementasi konsepsi deliberatif demokrasi dalam forum-forum warga yang terbentuk pra-Musrenbang di Desa Pandowoharjo Kecamatan Sleman Kabupaten Sleman, DI Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini kemudian memberikan harapan baru atas adanya proses partisipatif yang terhegemonik oleh kelompok kepentingan dalam pemerintahan daerah. Selain itu kajian penelitian ini dilakukan dalam menjawab bagaimana partisipasi masyarakat dalam forum warga dan Musrenbang Desa di Desa Pandowoharjo, sebagai salah satu penyandang identitas desa wisata. Kajian penelitian ini didukung oleh teori demokrasi deliberatif oleh Jurgen Habermas serta konsep ruang publik serta partisipasi sebagaimana indikator deliberatifnya sebuah demokratisasi. Dimana deliberatifnya proses menuju Musrenbang Desa dipengaruhi oleh terbetuknya ruang-ruang publik yang secara sadar sebagai forum diskursus informal dalam mewadahi partisipasi masyarakat. Adapun proses penemuan-penemuan tersebut diantaranya dielaborasi melaui observasi lapangan, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) bersama aktor yang berperan langsung dalam Musrenbang Desa Pandowoharjo, melalui wawancara efektif kepada pihak-pihak yang terlibat dan dianggap sebagai memahami betul proses berlangsungnya Musrenbang, serta didukung oleh studi literatur terkait dengan Deliberatif Demokrasi serta Musrenbang Desa. Beberapa hal yang kemudian dikonklusikan dalam proses elaborasi diantaranya, bahwa Musrenbang Desa diselenggarakan dalam tahapan-tahapan proses perencanaan pembangunan dalam forum-forum terkecil dalam masyarakat desa, misalnya dalam forum informal musyawarah padukuhan maupun perkumpulan kelompok masyarakat seperti PKK dan GAPOKTAN. Dimana forum-forum tersebut berlangsung secara deliberatif dalam ruang-ruang publik sebagaimana orientasi Habermas. Dalam ruang-ruang tersebutlah kemudian partisipasi masyarakat terealisasikan dalam membicarakan perencanaan pembangunan desa. Sementara, Musrenban Desa merupakan forum anti-tesis terhadap forum-forum rembug mufakat ditengah kelompok masyarakat yang ada. Dalam kajian atas konsepsi Democracy Deliberative kemudian menempatkan ruang-ruang publik yang terbentuk dalam musyawarah terkecil dalam masyarakat desa dapat mewadahi partisipasi masyarakat dalam menyambut penyelenggaraan Musrenbang Desa. Dimana ruang-ruang publik dalam forum informal dalam prosesnya aktif diperankan sedangkan ruang publik dalam Musrenbang Desa tidak optimal partisipasi. Partispasi masyarakat dalam agenda-agenda musyawarah terkecil dalam kelompok masyarakat justru semakin deliberatif.

These paper are purposed to review deliberative democracy at the local level which are framed in planning and developing village discussion at the local villages. In elaborating research, which mostly failure of participatory process, and talking the implementation of the deliberative democracy conception in every civil society discussions. Which are builded at the duration of pre-planning and developing village discussion in the Pandowoharjo Village, Sleman Regency Sleman Sub-District, Special District of Yogyakarta (DIY). This research also converting of the hegemonic participation by the private community in the district government. Then this research study conducted in answering of how civil society participate in every discussion and planning village discussion at the Pandowohoharjo Village, which is one of kind tourism village. This research study was analyzed by deliberative democracy conception by Social Scientist Jurgen Habermas. It was also supported by the concept of public spaces and participation which as an indicator of how far deliberative in democratization process. Deliberative democracy in planning and developing dicussion are depended on public discussion which consciously build as a space of civil society participation. Such of all discovered process in this research study include elaborated through field observations, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the peoples who directly role in the planning and developing discussion of Pandowoharjo Village, also through interview effectively to the everyone who are involved and well-known all the ongoing process of planing and developing village discussion. Then supported by literature studies especially about deliberative democracy conseption and planning and developing village discussion. The conclusion of this elaboration research such as, planning and developing village discussion happened by the steps of community discussion among village society especially in the public spaces. Kind of community discussions are a prosperity familiy associations (PKK) and farmer social movements (GAPOKTAN). Social community and social movements which are built between village society continuing as a deliberative process in the public space as the Jurgen Habermas oriented of. In such of public space then civil society participation did by, especially talking about planning and developing village. Meanwhile, planning and developing in village discussion as an anti-thesis to the deliberation space among civil society community and movements. In a study on the conception of Deliberative Democracy, then put the public spaces which are formed in the smallest steps of deliberation in rural communities can facilitate public participation in the implementation of planning and developing village discussion. Where public spaces in an informal space are actively participated by actor, while the participation in the planning and developing village discussion are happened passively. Public participation in the smallest discussions among civil society community and social movements of Pandowoharjo village even more deliberative.

Kata Kunci : Musrenbang, Deliberatif Demokrasi, Ruang Publik, Partisipasi