PENGARUH METIL JASMONAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PADI (Oryza sativa L. 'CEMPO IRENG') DAN RESISTENSINYA TERHADAP WERENG COKLAT (Nilaparvata lugens Stal)

IDA RAHMAWATI, Dr. Kumala Dewi, M.Sc.,St; Dr. R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi, M.S.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Beras hitam memiliki kandungan protein, vitamin, mineral dan antosianin yang efektif untuk mengurangi kolesterol dalam tubuh manusia. Resistensi tanaman terhadap serangga hama dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengaplikasikan metil jasmonat (MeJA). MeJA diketahui dapat menginduksi respon pertahanan tanaman, meningkatkan antosianin, karotenoid, senyawa fenolik, antioksidan, dan flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian MeJA terhadap pertumbuhan padi hitam dan resistensinya terhadap Nilaparvata lugens. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2015 sampai Juli 2015 di Desa Pogung dan di Laboratorium Fakultas Biologi UGM. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan RAK dengan dua waktu perlakuan (perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan vegetatif). Konsentrasi MeJA yang diaplikasikan adalah 0 ppm, 2,5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm. Penelitian meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah daun, panjang malai, panjang akar, jumlah gabah isi, berat gabah, jumlah kerusakan tanaman akibat wereng coklat, kandungan antosianin, kandungan klorofil, dan anatomi tanaman yang meliputi jumlah trikoma, diameter akar dan trakea akar, serta tebal batang. Pengamatan anatomi dengan pembuatan preparat metode parafin, free hand section dan leaf clearing, kerusakan tanaman akibat wereng coklat diamati dengan scoring, kandungan antosianin dan klorofil diukur dengan spektrofotometer. Data dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS ver.21. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan MeJA menghambat tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah daun, dan panjang akar, tetapi MeJA tidak berpengaruh pada jumlah gabah isi, berat gabah, kandungan antosianin, dan kandungan klorofil. MeJA meningkatkan jumlah trikoma dan panjang malai. Aplikasi MeJA pada fase perkecambahan meningkatkan diameter akar dan trakea akar tetapi menurunkan ketebalan batang padi. Aplikasi MeJA pada fase vegetatif menurunkan ukuran diameter akar dan trakea akar, tetapi meningkatkan ketebalan batang padi.

Black rice contain protein, vitamin, mineral and anthocyanin that are effective for reducing cholesterol in the human body. Plant resistance against insect pest can be improved by applying methyl jasmonate (MeJA). MeJA is known able to induce plant defense response, increasing the anthocyanin, carotenoid, phenolic compound, antioxidant, and flavonoid. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of MeJA on black rice growth and plant's resistance to Nilaparvata lugens. This research was conducted in December 2014 until May 2015 in Pogung field and at the Faculty of Biology. This research was designed using a rendomize block design with two types of application (germination and vegetative stage). The concentration of MeJA used were 0 ppm, 2,5 ppm, 5 ppm or 10 ppm. Parameters observed were plant height, number of tiller, leaf number, panicle length, root length, number of filled grain, grain weight, the amount of damage to crop due to brown planthopper, anthocyanin content, chlorophyll, and the anatomy of plant including the number of trichome, root diameter and tracheal root and thickness of stem. Anatomical observation were prepared using paraffin method, free hand section and leaf clearing. Crop damage due to the brown planthopper was observed with scoring. Chlorophyll and anthocyanin content was measured with a spectrometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver.21. The result showed that MeJA inhibiting plant height, number of tiller, leaf number and root length, but it does not hamper the number of filled grain, grain weight, anthocyanin content, and chlorophyll. MeJA increased the number of trichome and panicle length. MeJA increased the diameter of root and root's trachea when applied on germination stage but decreased the thickness of rice stalk. In contrast, MeJA decreased the diameter of root and root's trachea when applied on vegetative stage but increased the thickness of rice stalk.

Kata Kunci : MeJA, padi hitam, N. lugens, pertumbuhan