KARAKTER MORFOLOGIS DAN BIOAKUSTIK ANGGOTA TETTIGONIIDAE (ORDO: ORTHOPTERA) DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI, YOGYAKARTA

RATRI BAKTI HARIATI, Dr. R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi, MS.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter morfologis; bioakustik; aktivitas akustik serta korelasi morfologis organ stridulator dan bioakustik belalang Tettigoniidae TNGM. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di hutan wisata Turgo-Tritis, Desa Purwobinangun, Kecamatan Pakem. Perekaman dan observasi aktivitas akustik dilakukan di Turgo. Karakter morfologis yang diobservasi meliputi karakter morfologi; merfometri dan meristik secara umum maupun karakter organ stridulator. Analisis suara menggunakan software Avisoft SASLab Lite; Praat dan Audacity. Korelasi antara morfologis organ stidulator dan parameter bioakustik dianalisis menggunakan Pearson product-moment correlation pada Minitab portable 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan enam spesies yang umum ditemui di hutan wisata Turgo-Tritis, yaitu Mecopoda elongata; Paramorsimus acutelaminatus; Conocephalus adustus; Ducetia japonica; Phaneroptera brevis; dan Elimaea kraussi. Karakter morfologis yang dapat digunakan untuk membedakan keenam anggota Tettigoniidae TNGM antara lain ukuran tubuh; genitalia serta file stidulator. Keenam anggota Tettigoniidae TNGM memiliki tipe suara nonresonansi dengan kisaran frekuensi yang luas dan pulse yang rapat. M. elongata; P. acutelaminatus; D. japonica; dan E. kraussi merupakan belalang yang aktif bersuara secara nokturnal, C. adustus aktif secara diurnal, sedangkan P. brevis aktif diurnal maupun nokturnal. Korelasi ditunjukkan pada hubungan luas mirror dan frekuensi fundamental E. kraussi dan M. elongata serta hubungan panjang file dan frekuensi fundamental C. adustus. Namun secara umum, korelasi antara morfologis organ stidulator dan bioakustik suara nonresonansi sulit untuk dideteksi.

This study aimed to describe morphological characters; bioacoustic characters; acoustic activity and correlation between morphological characters of strudilator organ and bioacoustic of Tettigoniidae katydids in National Park of Merapi Mountain. Sampling was conducted in Turgo-Tritis ecotourist forest, Purwobinangun, Pakem. Sound recording and observation of acoustic activity was conducted in Turgo. Morphological characters which were observed include morphology; morphometric and meristic, general and stidulator organ characters. Sound was analyze by Avisoft SASLab Lite; Praat and Audacity software. Correlation between morphological of stridulator organ and bioacoustic parameters were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation in Minitab portable 17. The result of this study showed that six species were found in Turgo-Tritis ecotourist forest were Mecopoda elongata; Paramorsimus acutelaminatus; Conocephalus adustus; Ducetia japonica; Phaneroptera brevis; and Elimaea kraussi. Morphological characters were used to diagnose six members of NRMM Tettigoniidae consisted of body size; genitalia and file stidulator. Six members of NPMM Tettigoniidae had nonresonantion sound type with broad frecuency and fused pulse. M. elongata; P. acutelaminatus; D. japonica; and E. kraussi were nocturnal katydids, C. adustus was diurnal katydid whereas P. brevis was nocturnal as well as diurnal. Significant correlation was showed between mirror size and fundamental frecuency of E. kraussi and M. elongata; also between length of file and fundamental frequency of C. adustus. However, generally correlation between morphological of stidulator organ and bioacoustic of nonresonantion sound was difficult to be detected.

Kata Kunci : Tettigoniidae, karakter morfologis, karakter bioakustik, TNGM