Peran Penyuluh Pertanian Dalam Adopsi Inovasi Budidaya Padi Metode SRI Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Pranata Mangsa di Kabupaten Purworejo

WIKE OKTASARI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sunarru Samsi Hariadi, M.S.;Dr. Ir. P. Wiryono, P. SJ., M.Sc.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan

System of Rice Intensification (SRI) merupakan salah satu alternatif sistem pertanian yang ramah lingkungan. Alasan yang mendorong SRI menjadi salah satu teknologi yang diterapkan karena sebagian besar sawah di Kabupaten Purworejo merupakan sawah tadah hujan. Peralihan sistem penanaman padi dari konvensional ke SRI belum diikuti oleh kesadaran yang berkelanjutan sehingga adopsi inovasi SRI belum sepenuhnya dilakukan. Hal tersebut dibutuhkan peran penyuluh untuk mengkomunikasikan SRI kepada petani. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui tingkat peran penyuluh pertanian,faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi inovasi SRI, dan pengaruh adopsi inovasi SRI terhadap produktivitas padi. Metode dasar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode gabungan (mixed method) pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan model eksplanatoris sekuensial. Lokasi penelitian dan kelompok tani akan diambil secara purposive yaitu Kecamatan Kutoarjo, Kecamatan Kemiri, Kecamatan Bayan, dan Kecamatan Banyuurip dengan pertimbangan menerapkan SRI. Sampel petani diambil secara acak sederhana. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan 120 responden. Data dianalisis dengan path analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) peran penyuluh dalam kategori kadang-kadang, (2) faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap adopsi inovasi padi metode SRI yaitu umur sebesar -0,47, motivasi sebesar 0,22, sikap sebesar 0,25, ketrampilan sebesar 0,14, dan pengetahuan sebesar 0,10. Sedangkan luas lahan, kearifan lokal pranata mangsa, sifat inovasi, dan peran penyuluh tidak berpengaruh secara langsung namun secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi adopsi inovasi padi metode SRI sebesar 0,80 atau 80 persen sedangkan sisanya 20 persen dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak sempat diteliti dalam penelitian ini, (3) adopsi inovasi SRI berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas padi.

System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is one the alternatives for environment-friendly agricultural system. The underlying reason to apply SRI as an agricultural technology is that most wet rice fields in Purworejo Regency are rain-dependent ones. A transition from conventional rice cultivation system into SRI has not been applied with a sustainable consciousness, so that the adoption of innovative rice cultivation (SRI) method has not been executed in a full and complete manner. Therefore, the role of agricultural extension workers is required to communicate SRI to farmers. The objectives of this study are to find out the role of agricultural extension workers, the factors affecting the adoption of innovative rice cultivation (SRI) method, and the effect of the adoption of innovative rice cultivation (SRI) method on rice productivity. The basic method applied in the study was a mixed method, including quantitative and qualitative approaches with a sequential explanatory model. The locations of the study were Kutoarjo Subdistrict, Kemiri Subdistrict, Bayan Subdistrict and Banyuurip Subdistrict considering that the groups of farmer in these locations have actually applied SRI. The sample consisted of 120 farmers as respondents selected using a simple randomized technique. The data collected were then analyzed by path analysis. The results of the study showed that (1) agricultural extension workers have occasionally played their primary roles (a moderate category), (2) the factors that mostly affected the adoption of innovative rice cultivation (SRI) method included age (-0.47), motivation (0.22), attitude (0.25), skills (0.14), and knowledge (0.10). Meanwhile, land size, the local wisdom of pranata mangsa, the characteristics of innovation, and the role of agricultural extension workers had not indirect effects, but they simultaneously affected the adoption of innovative rice cultivation (SRI) method (0.80 or 80 per cent), while the remaining (20 per cent) was affected by other factors that were not examined in the study, (3) the adoption of innovative rice cultivation (SRI) method significantly affected rice productivity.

Kata Kunci : System of Rice Intensification, adopsi inovasi, kearifan lokal