Dampak Tingkat Adopsi Teknologi PTT Padi Sawah Terhadap Keberdayaan Petani Pelaksana Program Prima Tani di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

IR. DEDI AZWARDI, MP, Prof. Mudiyono ; Dr. Agr. Sri Peni Wastutiningsih ; Subejo, SP,. MSc,. Ph.D

2015 | Disertasi | S3 Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan

Inovasi teknologi pertanian sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas produksi dan produktivitas, sehingga dapat memacu tidak hanya pertumbuhan produksi, tetapi juga daya saing. Pemahaman suatu inovasi teknologi tentu melalui suatu tahapan proses dapat meningkatkan mental dari individu petani sampai mengambil keputusan untuk mengadopsinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat adopsi teknologi dan tingkat keberdayaan petani PTT padi sawah, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat adopsi teknologi serta untuk mengetahui dampak tingkat adopsi teknologi PTT padi sawah terhadap keberdayaan petani pelaksana program Prima Tani di Sumatera Barat. Metode dasar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis, analisis kuantitatif menggunakan alat uji statistik multiple regresi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2014. Lokasi penelitian terletak di Nagari Lareh Nan Panjang, Kecamatan VII Koto Sungai Sarik, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dan Nagari Koto Baru Simalanggang, Kecamatan Payakumbuh Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota serta Nagari Muaro Bodi, Kecamatan IV Nagari, Kabupaten Sijunjung. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive. Pemilihan responden petani dilakukan secara acak sederhana (simple random sampling) dengan jumlah total responden sebanyak 308 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat adopsi teknologi pada kategori kurang sesuai dengan teknis dan keberdayaan petani PTT padi di Sumatera Barat termasuk kategori kadang-kadang. Tingkat adopsi teknologi PTT padi sawah secara berurutan adalah komponen teknologi panen dan pasca panen, teknologi benih, teknologi persemaian, teknologi cara dan tata tanam, teknologi perlindungan tanaman, teknologi pengairan berselang dan teknologi pemupukan berimbang. Faktor-faktor yang secara nyata mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi PTT padi sawah adalah partisipasi petani dan kebijakan pemerintah daerah, dinamika kelompoktani dan ketersediaan sarana produksi, sedangkan variabel lainnya tidak berpengaruh secara nyata. Tingkat adopsi teknologi PTT padi sawah berpengaruh terhadap keberdayaan petani di Sumatera Barat, semakin tinggi tingkat adopsi maka semakin tinggi tingkat keberdayaan yang terdiri dari tingkat kemandirian intelektual, kemandirian manajemen dan kemandirian material dari petani. Kata Kunci: Adopsi teknologi, keberdayaan, dampak adopsi, PTT padi sawah, Prima Tani, Sumatera Barat

Agricultural technology innovation is needed not only to increase rice production capacity and productivity, but also to improve competitiveness. An understanding of technological innovation through a mental process of the individual stages of the farmer to take the decision to adopt it. The aims of study were to determine the level of adoption of technology and the level of empowerment of ICM of rice farmers and the factors that influence to the rate of adoption of technology as well as to determine the impact of the rate of adoption of ICM of rice technology to the farmers’ empowerment on Prima Tani program in West Sumatra. This study was conducted in July-August 2014. The research location was located in Nagari lareh Nan Panjang, VII Koto Sungai Sarik Sub District, Padang Pariaman and Nagari Koto Baru Simalanggang, Payakumbuh Sub District, Lima Puluh Koto District and Nagari Muaro Bodi, IV Nagari Sub District, Sijunjung District. The selection of location was purposively done with a total sample of farmers as much as 308 people. Selection of respondents’ farmers was conducted by simple random sampling. Collecting data using questionnaires, then the item statements and questions were designed by Likert scale models; the basic method used in this research was descriptive method of analysis, quantitative analysis by using multiple regression test. The results showed that the rate of adoption of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technologies paddy rice at less according to the technical category and the level of empowerment of farmers' paddy rice integrated crop management in West Sumatra, including the category of occasionally. (ICM) technology adoption rate of rice by the order were components of harvest and post - harvest technology, seed technology, nursery technology, technological means and procedures for planting, crop protection technology, intermittent irrigation technology and a balanced fertilizer technology. Factors that significantly influence to the adoption of technology (ICM) rice namely participation of farmers and local government policy. While farmer groups dynamics and the availability of production facilities have no significant influence. The impact of (ICM) technology adoption rate of paddy significantly influence to the empowerment of farmers in West Sumatra, higher on the technology adoption will be higher the farmer empowerment which include intellectual independence, selfreliance and independence of the management of material from farmers. Keywords : Adoption of technology, empowerment, impact of the adoption, ICM rice, Prima Tani, West Sumatra

Kata Kunci : Adoption of technology, empowerment, impact of the adoption, ICM rice, Prima Tani, West Sumatra