MITIGASI NON-STRUKTURAL BENCANA ALIRAN LAHAR GUNUNGAPI KELUD DI SUNGAI BLADAK

VERA ARIDA, Prof. Dr. Junun Sartohadi, M.Sc;Dr. Danang Sri Hadmoko, M.Sc

2015 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN BENCANA

Erupsi Gunungapi Kelud tahun 2014 menghasilkan material endapan di hulu Sungai Bladak sebesar 27,6 juta m3. Endapan hasil erupsi yang terdapat di hulu sungai berpotensi terbawa oleh hujan dan menyebabkan terjadinya lahar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun arahan dan prioritas mitigasi non-struktural bencana aliran lahar di Sungai Bladak melalui kajian potensi hujan sebagai masukan untuk kalender mitigasi, analisis persepsi dan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat serta kajian kebijakan dan program Pemerintah Kabupaten Blitar dan lembaga non-pemerintah dalam upaya mitigasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode wawancara, dokumenter dan penelusuran data sekunder. Sampel dan informan ditentukan dengan teknik random sampling dan purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 90 orang. Instrumen penelitian berupa daftar pertanyaan dan kuesioner yang telah dipersiapkan terlebih dahulu. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2015. Adapun data sekunder yang digunakan berupa: 1. data curah hujan harian tahun 2003-2013 di stasiun hujan Slemanan, stasiun hujan Karangnongko, stasiun hujan Kalikuning dan stasiun hujan Candisewu, 2. peraturan tentang mitigasi bencana yang menjadi acuan Pemerintah Kabupaten Blitar. Data curah hujan digunakan untuk mengetahui kecendrungan pola hujan bulanan, musiman dan tahunan, sehingga dapat diketahui bulan-bulan yang perlu diwaspadai terhadap ancaman aliran lahar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1. masyarakat mempunyai kesiapsiagaan yang memadai dalam menghadapi ancaman bencana aliran lahar ditinjau dari pengetahuan dan pengalaman terkait lahar, sistem monitoring dan peringatan bencana, kemampuan mobilisasi dan organisasi sosial kemasyarakatan, namun sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah belum merata dan tidak menyentuh seluruh masyarakat, 2. setiap SKPD di Kabupaten Blitar memiliki peraturan perundangan yang menjadi dasar kegiatan mitigasi bencana namun, pendidikan, penyuluhan dan pelatihan belum pernah dilaksanakan oleh BPBD Kabupaten Blitar, 3. perlu menyusun rencana kontijensi serta melakukan serangkaian upaya mitigasi yang hendaknya mulai diintensifkan pada bulan Oktober-Maret, berupa sosialisasi dan simulasi, pemberdayaan tokoh masyarakat, pemetaan partisipatif, dan pembentukan kelompok sadar bencana.

The Kelud Volcano eruption on 2014 generated sediment material in the upstreams of Bladak River in the volume of 27,6 million m3. The sediment as the result of the eruption in the upstreams has the potential to get carried away by the rain and causes lahar flow. This study aims to arrange non-structural mitigation priorities of lahar flow in Bladak River through the rain potential study as the input for the mitigation calendar, perception and preparedness analysis of the people, and the analysis of policy and Blitar Regency Govermental program and non-governmental organizations in the mitigation effort. The data collection was done by interview, documentary, and secondary data tracing methods. Samples and informants were appointed by random sampling and purposive sampling technique. The sample utilized was 90 people. The study instruments were question lists and questionnaire that were prepared before. As for the secondary data that was being used was in the form of: 1. daily rainfall data on 2003-2013 di in Slemanan rain station, Karangnongko rain station, Kalikuning rain station and Candisewu rain station, 2. the regulation about disaster mitigation that becomes the reference of the Blitar Regency Government. The rainfall data was used to find out the tendency pattern of monthly, seasonal, and annual rain, so the months when people need to be alerted against the lahar flow threat can be known. The result of the study showed that: 1. The people has sufficient preparedness in facing the lahar flow threat, reviewing from the knowledge and experience relating to the lahar flow, monitoring system and disaster warning, the mobilization and social organization, but the socialization done by the government was not well-distributed yet and did not reach the whole society, 2. every local work unit in Blitar Regency has the constitutional regulation that become the base of the disaster mitigation activity, but the education, counseling, and training has not been executed by the Blitar Regency BPBD, 3. There is a need to assemble a contingency plan and doing a series of mitigation efforts which should start to be intensified on the month of Oktober-Maret, in the form of socialization and simulation, empowerment by the community leader, participative mapping, and the creation of disaster-aware group.

Kata Kunci : mitigasi,non-struktural,Gunungapi Kelud,Sungai Bladak,kesiapsiagaan