ANALISIS RATIONAL CHOICE DALAM PROSES INTERNALISASI UNITED NATIONS DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES (UNDRIP) SEBAGAI PLATFORM MEMPERJUANGKAN HAK-HAK MASYARAKAT ADAT

ROHANI INTA DEWI, TITIK FIRAWATI, MA

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

INTISARI Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai Bagaimana tahapan United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) dalam memperjuangkan norma-norma mengenai hak-hak masyarakat adat, dan alasan mengapa PBB membtuhkan waktu yang lama untuk mengadopsi UNDRIP. Masyarakat adat menyuarakan masalah-masalah yang mereka hadapi dan menyebarkan norma-norma mengenai masyarakat adat di pertemuan-pertemuan yang dilakukan UN. Masyarakat adat akhirnya diakomodir oleh UN Human Rights Council melalui ECOSOC pada tahun 1982 untuk membahas dan membentuk draft deklarasi mengenai masyarakat adat sebagai platform untuk memperjuangkan hak-hak masyarakat adat yang kemudian diadopsi oleh General Assembly pada tanggal 13 september 2007 dengan jumlah negara yang mengadopsi lebih dari 1/3 negara anggota UNDRIP. Proses tersebut menunjukkan bahwa UNDRIP sudah berada pada tahapan norm cascade. Perhatian tentang norma mengenai masyarakat adat mulai kembali menjadi isu penting dalam studi politik internasional dengan kemunculan United Nations Declarations on the Right of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) yang bergerak dan memiliki platform memperjuangkan hak-hak masyarakat adat di seluruh dunia. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dan studi literatur baik melalui buku, jurnal, surat kabar dan artikel-artikel online, serta referensi data dari internet. Penelitian tesis ini menghasilkan beberapa penemuan. Pertama, norma masyarakat adat dalam UNDRIP berdasarkan konsep norm life cycle sudah berada dalam tahap norm cascade dimana norma sudah diterima dan diadopsi oleh lebih dari 1/3 negara-negara anggota UNDRIP. Kedua, alasan lamanya proses negosiasi dalam pengadopsian UNDRIP dikarenakan oleh adanya faktor rational choice yaitu mutuality of interest yang dimana antara negara-negara yang mendukung deklarasi mengenai hak-hak masyarakat adat dengan yang menolak deklarasi memiliki persepsi kepentingan yang berbeda terhadap the right to self-determination of indigenous peoples dan the control over natural resources existing on indigenous peoples' traditional lands. Kata kunci: Masyarakat Adat, UNDRIP, Pengadopsian UNDRIP, Tahapan UNDRIP, Norm Life Cycle, Rational Choice.

ABSTRACT This thesis aims to analyze the stages How the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) in the fight for the norms regarding the rights of indigenous peoples, and the reason why the UN take long time to adopt the UNDRIP. Indigenous peoples to voice the problems they face and spreading norms concerning indigenous peoples in meetings conducted UN. Indigenous peoples was accommodated by the UN Human Rights Council through the ECOSOC in 1982 to discuss and establish a draft declaration on indigenous peoples as a platform to fight for the rights of indigenous peoples which was later adopted by the General Assembly on 13 September 2007 with a number of countries have adopted more than 1/3 UNDRIP member states. The process indicates that the UNDRIP is already on stage norm cascade. Concern about the norms regarding indigenous peoples began to again become an important issue in the study of international politics with the emergence of the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) engaged and have a platform to fight for the rights of indigenous peoples around the world. Data were obtained from interviews and literature through books, journals, newspapers and online articles, as well as reference data from the internet. This thesis research resulted in several discoveries. First, the indigenous peoples in the UNDRIP norms based on the concept of norm life cycle already in stage norm cascade where the norm has been accepted and adopted by more than 1/3 of the member countries of the UNDRIP. Secondly, the reason for the length of the negotiation process in the adoption of UNDRIP is because of the factor of rational choice that mutuality of interest in which the countries that support the declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples who rejected the declaration of perception of different interests against the right to self-determination of indigenous peoples and the control over existing natural resources on indigenous peoples' traditional lands. Keywords: Indigenous Peoples, UNDRIP, adoption of UNDRIP, Stages of UNDRIP, Norm Life Cycle, Rational Choice.

Kata Kunci : Keywords: Indigenous Peoples, UNDRIP, adoption of UNDRIP, Stages of UNDRIP, Norm Life Cycle, Rational Choice.