PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH PANEMBAHAN SENOPATI BANTUL TERHADAP SENGKETA PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DITINJAU DARI PELAKSANAAN PASAL 1367 KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA

MUJIYANTO, Rimawati SH., M.Hum

2015 | Tesis | S2 Hukum Kesehatan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, mengkaji dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi munculnya sengketa pelayanan kesehatan, prosedur penyelesaian sengketa pelayanan kesehatan, kendala-kendala yang dihadapinya dan bentuk-bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul terhadap sengketa pelayanan kesehatan yang terjadi ditinjau dari Pelaksanaan Pasal 1367 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif, jenis penelitian yuridis empiris/sosiologis, dimana penelitian menekankan pada aspek yuridis dan sekaligus aspek-aspek sosial. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan sifatnya data kualitatif, sedangkan berdasarkan sumbernya adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dengan wawancara, data sekunder menggunakan studi kepustakaan/ studi dokumentasi. Selanjutanya data yang diperoleh di analisis dengan metode kualitatif sosiologis. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi munculnya sengketa pelayanan kesehatan meliputi komunikasi yang kurang baik antara petugas kesehatan dan pasien, perbedaan persepsi, kurang pemahaman prosedur pelayanan, perbedaan intepretasi, sumber daya manusia dan sarana prasarana yang kurang standar. Prosedur penyelesaian sengketa menempuh jalur non litigasi berupa negosiasi dan mediasi. Hambatan penyelesaian adanya keterlibatan pihak ketiga dengan motif yang berbeda, perbedaan persepsi, belum memiliki sumber daya manusia yang profesional untuk menyelesaikan sengketa pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit. Bentuk-bentuk petanggunganjawaban hukum RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul ditinjau dari pelaksanaan Pasal 1367 KUHPerdata yaitu membentuk tim penyelesaian sengketa dan membebaskan biaya perawatan dan pengobatan selama di rumah sakit atau memberikan tali asih. Pertanggung jawaban tersebut muncul atas dasar hubungan majikan buruh (vicarious liability) yang bekerja dalam kedudukan sebagai sub ordinate (employee) dan kelalaian yang dilakukan oleh dokter sebagai mitra, maka pertanggungjawaban hukumnya secara mandiri dokter tersebut.

This study aims to find out, examine, and analyze the factors underlying the emergence of health service disputes, the procedures for health service dispute resolution, the constraints faced, and the forms of legal liability by Public Hospital of PanembahanSenopatiBantul to health service disputes occurred in terms of the implementation of Article 1367 of Civil Law. It was conducted using a descriptive method with empirical/sociological juridical approach by emphasizing juridical and social aspects. It used qualitative data, including both primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained through interviews, while the secondary data were collected through a literature/ documentation technique. Moreover, the data obtained were analyzed by using a qualitative sociological method. From results of the study, it can be concluded that the factors underlying the emergence of health service dispute were poor communication between health workers and patients, difference in perception, lack of understanding on service procedures, difference in interpretation, human resources, and less standard infrastructures. The procedures for dispute resolution were in non-litigation forms such as negotiation and mediation. The constraints in resolving the disputes were the involvement of third party with different motives, difference in perception, no professional human resources to resolve the health service disputes in the hospital. The forms of legal liability by the Public Hospital of PanembahanSenopatiBantul in terms of the implementation of Article 1367 of the Civil Code were to establish a team of dispute resolution and to exempt service and treatment costs during in hospital or provide ex-gratia. However, if the legal liability is due to unlawful act, the responsibility is held by joint and several liabilities. The liability rises on the grounds of employer-employee relationships (vicarious liability)where the employee works as sub ordinateandthe negligence was committed by attending physician or independent/non-employee physician, he/she is independently accountable for negligence that harms a patient.

Kata Kunci : Sengketa Pelayanan Kesehatan, Negosiasi, Mediasi/Health Service Dispute, Negotiation, Mediation.