Regionalization of Japanese MNCs in Asia: The Case Study of Toyota

ADELLIA AGUSTA, Dr. Nanang Pamuji Mugasejati

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Era globalisasi membuat keberadaan dan peran MNCs (Multinational Corporations) menjadi salah satu aktor penting dalam pasar internasional. Hal ini disebabkan oleh motivasi dan dukungan yang dilakukan oleh negara-negara pengirim dalam ekspansi internasional guna meningkatkan perkembangan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan. Alhasil, kombinasi yang kolaboratif ini mempengaruhi tingkat kesuksesan dalam perkembangan ekonomi serta kredibilitasnya dalam pasar internasional, seperti ekspansi pasar internasional. Dapat dipahami bahwa dilihat dari sejarah perkembangannya (sebagaimana sebelumnya pasar internasional didominasi oleh perusahaan multinasional dari Amerika dan Eropa Barat, Jepang secara sukses membagun keberadaan mereka dalam pasar internasional, oleh karena itu, kredibilitasnya mereka dalam level internasional patut dibandingkan dengan perusahaan multinasional dari Amerika dan Eropa Barat. Dibagun sebagai perusahaan tertua di Jepang, Toyota memiliki progress dalam membangun keberadaan internasionalnya. Guna membangun pemerintah Jepang dalam membangun perkembangan ekonominya, pemerintah Jepang mencoba untuk mengejar pembagunannya dengan cara melibatkan bank Jepang untuk membiayai setiap ekspansi internasional perusahaan Jepang. Selain itu, menarik untuk didiskusikan bahwa selama perkembangannya, Toyota selalu konsisten dalam mempertahankan strategi regionalisasinya sebagai salah satu penggerak dalam perkembangan Toyota, dengan fokus kepada Asia Tenggara sebagai target operasionalnya. Dalam skripsi ini, ruang lingkup analisisnya akan fokus kepada aktivitas regionalisasi Toyota di Asia (khususnya kepada Thailand dan Indonesia) dengan melibatkan peran pemerintah Jepang dalam mendukung regionalisasi Toyota dan strategi yang sudah diimplementasikan oleh Toyota selama aktivitas regionalisasi tersebut.

Since the sphere of globalization may continously involved in the global market, the role of MNCs (Multinational Corporations) becomes more influential in international market. Some home states also supported and motivated their international expansion in order to increase their economy development and welfare. As a result, this collaborative combination determines the level of success fir their economy development and their credibility in international market such as Japan. Nowadays, Japan has a significant improvement towards their existence in international market's expansion. It is understood that by looking at its historical roots (as the international market was previously dominated by American and Western MNCs, Japan successfully made their existence in international market, therefore their credibility in international level is worth to be compared to Western and American MNCs. Being established as one of the oldest Japanese MNCs, Toyota had a significant progress in showing their existence in international sphere. In order to help Japanese government to recover their economy development, Japanese government tried to pursue the existence of MNCs (such as Toyota) to be the biggest contributors of the Japanese economy development by involving Japanese banks which is aimed to financing every kinds of Japanese MNCs international expansion activity. It is understood that it had a long time to go in achieving this international recognition. Besides, it is also interesting to discuss that during their establishment, Toyota consistently kept their regionalization activity as a driving force of a better development of Toyota by focusing on the Asian region as a target market of their operation. In this undergraduate thesis, the scope of analysis mostly discusses about the regionalization activity of Toyota in Asia (specifically referred to Thailand and Indonesia) by involving the role of Japanese government to support the regionalization of Toyota and the strategy that has been implemented by Toyota during their regionalization activity.

Kata Kunci : Multinational Corporations (MNCs), Toyota, Japanese government, Regionalization in Thailand and Indonesia