Illocutionary Act in Soekarno's Opening Speech in the 1955 Asian-African Conference

ANNIDA KHOIRUNNISA, Dra. Sharifah Hanidar, M.Ed.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA INGGRIS

Makna pidato politik dapat diungkap dengan cara mengidentifikasi tindak ilokusi penutur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pidato Presiden Soekarno di Konferensi Asia-Afrika tahun 1955 dengan cara mengkatagorikan tuturan-tuturan di dalam pidato berdasarkan teori Taksonomi Tindak Ilokusi yang dikemukakan oleh Searle (1979), serta mengkaji tindak ilokusi pada kata kerja penunjuk, dengan menggunakan teori Kata Kerja Ilokusi Bahasa Inggris yang diutarakan oleh Searle dan Vanderveken (1985). Analisis tindak ilokusi mencakup indikator-indikator tindak ilokusi, tujuan dari tindak ilokusi, konten dari proposisi, arah kesesuaian antara kata-kata dan kenyataan, keadaan psikologi penutur, dan konteks tuturan Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat empat kategori tindakan ilokusi yang dilakukan oleh penutur, yaitu: 'assertives' (84.44%), 'directives' (12.22%), 'expressives' (2.96%) dan 'declaratives' (0.37%). Pada kategori 'assertives', penutur melakukan tuju jenis tindak ilokusi, yaitu: 'stating' (45.17%), 'asserting' (23.68%), 'reminding' (21.49%), 'affirming' (3.95%), 'conjecturing' (3.07%), 'predicting' (1.75%), 'confessing' (0.44%) dan 'assuring' (0.44%). Dalam kategori 'directives' penutur melakukan enam jenis tindak ilokusi, yakni: 'praying' (30.30%), 'requesting' (21.21%), 'urging' (15.15%), 'requiring' (12.12%), 'begging' (12.12%) dan 'warning' (9.09%). Pada kategori 'expressives', penutur melakukan empat jenis tidak ilokusi, yaitu: 'welcoming' (62.5%), 'greeting' (12.5%), 'deploring' (12.5%) dan 'thanking' (12.5%). Pada kategori 'declaratives', penutur hanya melakukan satu jenis tindak ilokusi, yaitu 'declaring' (100%). Tindak ilokusi 'assertives' paling sering ditunjukan oleh Presiden Soekarno dalam pidatonya karena pidato tersebut dimaksudkan untuk membujuk pendengar agar percaya bahwa bangsa Asia dan Afrika dapat dipersatukan atas dasar pengalaman yang sama, yakni pengalaman terjajah, dan bersama-sama mereka mampu menyelamatkan Negara-negara yang masih dijajah, khususnya di Afrika, serta menjaga perdamaian dunia.

The meaning of political speech can be revealed by way of identifying the speaker's illocutionary act. This research aims at analysing Soekarno's speech in the 1955 Asian-African Conference by categorizing the speaker's utterances based on Searle's Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts (1979) and it also examines the illocutionary act of certain indicating verb in each category of illocutionary act by applying the theory of English Illocutionary Verbs proposed by Searle and Vanderveken (1985). The analysis of illocutionary act covers specific devices indicating illocutionary act, propositional content, illocutionary point, the direction of fit between the word and the world spoken of, psychological state expressed by the speaker, and the context of utterance. This research uses qualitative and quantitative method. The findings show that the speaker performs four categories of illocutionary act: 'assertives' (84.44%), 'directives' (12.22%), 'expressives' (2.96%) and 'declaratives' (0.37%). In 'assertives' category, the speaker expresses seven styles of illocutionary act: 'stating' (45.17%), 'asserting' (23.68%), 'reminding' (21.49%), 'affirming' (3.95%), 'conjecturing' (3.07%), 'predicting' (1.75%), 'confessing' (0.44%) and 'assuring' (0.44%). In 'directives' category, the speaker uses six types of illocutionary verb: 'praying' (30.30%), 'requesting' (21.21%), 'urging' (15.15%), 'requiring' (12.12%), 'begging' (12.12%) and 'warning' (9.09%). In 'expressives' category, the speaker conveys four types of illocutionary verb: 'welcoming' (62.5%), 'greeting' (12.5%), 'deploring' (12.5%) and 'thanking' (12.5%). In 'declaratives' category, there is only one illocutionary verb expressed which is 'declaring' (100%). It is identified that 'assertives' are mostly performed by President Soekarno in his speech because the speech is intended to convince the audience to believe that Asian-African nations can be united under their shared past experience of being colonized, and together they can save the colonized countries, especially in Africa, as well as maintaining world peace.

Kata Kunci : illocutionary act, illocutionary act of indicating verb, Soekarno's speech, 1955 Asian-African Conference.