Perbandingan Kebijakan Energi Jepang dan Selandia Baru. Studi Kasus: Kebijakan Pengembangan Pembangkit Listrik Geothermal

KUKUH PRIBADI, Dr. Maharani Hapsari

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Kebijakan energi di Jepang mulai mendapat perhatian setelah tragedi Fukushima tahun 2011. Pengembangan energi alternatif mulai dilirik, salah satunya geothermal. Hanya saja, pengembangannya mengalami banyak hambatan. Konflik kepentingan antara pemerintah dan pemilik onsen, dan ketiadaan kebijakan yang komprehensif merupakan beberapa faktor yang menjadi penghalang pengembangan geothermal sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Bahkan setelah pemerintah mengeluarkan program "Sunshine Project" untuk mengenalkan geothermal sebagai sumber energi, sikap masyarakat masih tidak berubah. Permasalahan yang dihadapi Jepang sebenarnya mirip dengan Selandia Baru. Pengembangan geothermal di sana mendapat penolakan dari suku Maori. Namun, penolakan tersebut berhasil diatasi dengan kebijakan "Resource Management Act". Berangkat dari situasi tersebut, tulisan ini akan membandingkan kebijakan pengembangan geothermal Jepang dan Selandia Baru, dan implikasinya terhadap sikap masyarakat terkait pengembangan geothermal sebagai sumber energi alternatif.

Energy policy in Japan is starting to attract the government's attention after the 2011 tragedy in Fukushima. The development of alternative energy sources has been taken place, and one of them is geothermal energy. However, there are still many obstacles hindering the development. Conflict of interest between government and "onsen" owner, and lack of comprehensive policy regarding geothermal development, are some of the problems faced in developing geothermal as an alternative energy sources. Public stances did not change, even after the government introduce geothermal potency as energy source through Sunshine Project. A quite similar problems was faced by New Zealand's government in developing their geothermal energy. The rejection came from the native people of New Zealand, Maori. Fortunately, the rejection can be overcome by Resource Management Act, issued by ministry of environment. Starting from the similar problems faced by these two countries, this paper will compare their geothermal energy development policy, and its implications to people regarding geothermal development as an alternative energy sources.

Kata Kunci : Geothermal, Resource Management Act, Sunshine Project, Government, Onsen