VALUASI EKONOMI PENAMBANGAN SUMBERDAYA BELERANG KAWAH IJEN, DESA TAMANSARI, KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI, PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

LATIFATUL KHOIRIYAH, Dr. Rika Harini, S.Si, M.P.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 GEOGRAFI DAN ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Gunungapi Ijen tidak hanya dikenal dengan pemandangan danau kawahnya yang indah, namun juga dikenal karena penambangan belerangnya yang unik. Penambangan merupakan kegiatan yang dapat menimbulkan manfaat maupun dampak. Manfaat suatu kegiatan penambangan biasanya ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya perekonomian masyarakat sekitar sedangkan dampaknya umumnya berimbas pada kualitas lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat lingkar tambang. Adanya manfaat dan dampak yang berimbas langsung kepada masyarakat inilah yang menyebabkan penelitian ini perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui manfaat dan dampak penambangan belerang, (2) mengetahui nilai manfaat dan dampak penambangan tersebut serta (3) menghitung nilai kelayakan penambangan belerang Gunungapi Ijen. Inventarisasi manfaat dan dampak penambangan belerang dilakukan dengan metode survei. Survei dilakukan langsung kepada penambang belerang, masyarakat sekitar pabrik pemrosesan belerang serta kepada wisatawan Gunungapi Ijen. Penilaian lingkungan terkait manfaat dan dampak penambangan belerang dilakukan dengan metode valuasi ekonomi. Metode ini menghasilkan nilai moneter dari manfaat dan dampak penambangan belerang. Nilai moneter yang dihasilkan oleh kegiatan penambangan belerang disebut Nilai Ekonomi Total (NET) penambangan belerang. Penilaian kelayakan penambangan dilakukan menggunakan Analisis Biaya Manfaat dengan tiga macam perhitungan, yaitu NPV, BCRn dan IRR. Manfaat penambangan belerang berdasarkan hasil survei adalah sebagai daya tarik pariwisata, souvenir belerang, pembasmi hama, bahan campuran pupuk, peningkat ekonomi penambang belerang, dan penambah keunikan Gunungapi Ijen. Dampak kegiatan penambangan tersebut berupa dampak kesehatan seperti nyeri sendi, sesak nafas, pusing kepala dan dampak lingkungan berupa bau dan asap. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa Nilai Ekonomi Total (NET) kegiatan penambangan sumberdaya belerang di Gunungapi Ijen mencapai Rp4.293.452.548,96/tahun. Berdasarkan nilai ini, penambangan sumberdaya belerang di Gunungapi Ijen dinilai bermanfaat. Kegiatan penambangan ini pun layak untuk dilanjutkan berdasarkan nilai NPV, BCRn dan IRR yang memenuhi standar kelayakan. Pengelolaan kegiatan penambangan yang baik diperlukan untuk memaksimalkan pengelolaan penambangan yang berkelanjutan.

Ijen volcano is not only known for its beautiful view of the crater lake, but also known for its unique sulphur mining. Mining is an activity that has benefits and impacts. Benefits of a mining activity is usually indicated by the increasing economic impact on the surrounding community while the impact of a mining is usually indicated by environmental quality and public health degradation. The existence of the benefits and impacts of the direct impact to the community is why this research needs to be done. The purpose of the study is to (1) determining the benefits and impacts of sulfur mining, (2) knowing the value of benefits and impacts of the mining and (3) determining the value of the feasibility of mining activities Inventory of the benefits and impacts of sulfur mining is done by using the survey method. The survey is conducted to the sulfur miners, local communities around the sulfur processing plant and tourists who have visited Ijen Volcano Crater. Environmental assessment to determining the value of benefits and impacts of sulfur mining is using economic valuation methods. The result of this method is the monetary value of the benefits and impacts that called Total Economic Value (NET) sulphur mining. Mining feasibility assessment is calculated using Cost Benefit Analysis with three kinds of calculations, that is NPV, BCRn and IRR. Sulfur mining benefits that based on the survey results are as tourist attraction, souvenirs, pesticides, fertilizers materials, increase the sulfur miners economy, and enhancing the beauty of Ijen Volcano Crater. The impact of mining activities is including health effects such as joint pain, shortness of breath, headache and environmental impacts such as odor and smoke. The results also show that the Total Economic Value (NET) resource sulphur mining in Ijen Volcano reaches Rp4,293,452,548.96/year. Based on this value, sulphur mining in Ijen Volcano Crater considered beneficial. Mining activity is also appropriate to proceed based on the NPV, BCRn and IRR who meet eligibility standards. Good management of mining activities required to maximize the management of sustainable mining.

Kata Kunci : Gunungapi Ijen, Penambangan Belerang, Valuasi Ekonomi