POTENSI FESES SAPI DAN FESES KERBAU SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN PULP KERTAS

CAHYADI TRI PUTRA, Yuny Erwanto, S.Pt., M.P., Ph.D.; Dr. Ir. Sri Nugroho Marsoem, M.Agr.Sc.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Kerbau memiliki kemampuan lebih baik dibandingkan sapi dalam mencerna serat kasar akan menghasilkan feses dengan kadar serat lebih lembut dibandingkan dengan feses sapi. Kertas adalah lembaran berbahan dasar selulosa. Selulosa didapatkan dari bahan nabati berserat melalui proses pembuatan pulp, termasuk feses sapi dan kerbau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rendemen pulp dan kekuatan sifat fisik lembaran pulp dari feses sapi, feses kerbau, dan campuran keduanya yang dibandingkan dengan pulp kertas dari jerami padi dan standar mutu SNI. Proses pembuatan pulp yang digunakan adalah proses soda dengan larutan pemasak NaOH 5 persen, suhu pemasakan 100 derajat Celcius selama tiga jam dalam ketel terbuka. Data rendemen pulp dan data kekuatan sifat fisik lembaran pulp dianalisa dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (pola searah), bila terdapat perbedaan nyata akan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan panjang serat feses sapi 0,39 sampai 1,21 milimeter dan diameter serat feses sapi 7,80 sampai 13,40 mikrometer, panjang serat feses kerbau 0,37 sampai 1,25 milimeter dan diameter serat feses kerbau 7,40 sampai 13,80 mikrometer. Rendemen pulp feses sapi 38,48 plus minus 2,40 pesen, feses kerbau 32,80 plus minus 3,31 persen, dan campuran keduanya 32,76 plus minus 3,76 persen. Indeks tarik lembaran pulp feses sapi 19,43 plus minus 1,07 Newtonmeter per gram, feses kerbau 25,22 plus minus 5,14 Newtonmeter per gram, dan campuran keduanya 20,00 plus minus 2,14 Newtonmeter per gram. Indeks retak lembaran pulp feses sapi 1,00 plus minus 0.04 kPa.m2/g, feses kerbau 1,08 plus minus 0,18 kPa.m2/g, dan campuran keduanya 1,18 plus minus 0,11 kPa.m2/g. Indeks sobek lembaran pulp feses sapi 1,28 plus minus 0,10 mN.m2/g, feses kerbau 1,29 plus minus 0,12 mN.m2/g, dan campuran keduanya 1,41 plus minus 0,07 mN.m2/g. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata dari semua data yang ada. Disimpulkan bahwa feses sapi dan feses kerbau dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pulp kertas namun kekuatan sifat fisiknya di bawah standar mutu SNI.

Buffalo has a better ability than cow in digesting crude fiber and will produce a softer fiber feses content compared with cow feces. Paper is sheet made from cellulose. Cellulose can be obtained from a variety of fibrous materials through the pulping process, including feces of cattle and buffalo. This study aims to determine the pulp yield value and physical strength of the pulp sheet compared with rice straw paper pulp and SNI quality standard. Pulping used soda process with 5 percent concentration of NaOH solution cooker, 100 Celcius cooking temperature for three hours in an open kettle. The datas of pulp yield value and pulp sheet physical strength was analyzed by One Way Completely Randomized Design method, if there are noticeable difference will be followed by Duncan test. The results showed that cow feces have fiber length was ranging from 0.39 until 1.21 mm and the diameter of the fiber was ranging from 7.80 until 13.40 micrometer, buffalo feces has a fiber length was ranging from 0.37 until 1.25 mm and the diameter of the fiber was ranging from 7.40 until 13.80 micrometer. The pulp yield value of cow feces was 38.48 plus minus 2.40 percent, buffalo feces was 32.80 plus minus 3.31 percent, and mixture of both feces was 32.76 plus minus 3.76 percent. The tensile strength of cow pulp sheet feces was ranging from 19.43 plus minus 1.07 Nm/g, buffalo feces was ranging from 25.22 plus minus 5.14 Nm/g, and mixture of both feces was ranging from 20.00 plus minus 2.14 Nm/g. The bursting strength of cow pulp sheet feces was ranging from 1.00 plus minus 0:04 kPa.m2/g, buffalo feces was ranging from 1.08 plus minus 0.18 kPa.m2/g, and mixture of both feces was ranging from 1.18 plus minus 0.11 kPa.m2/g. The tear strength of cow pulp sheet feces was ranging from 1.28 plus minus 0.10 mN.m2/g, buffalo feces was ranging from 1.29 plus minus 0.12 mN.m2/g, and mixture of both feces was ranging from 1.41 plus minus 0.07 mN.m2/g. There was no influenced from all datas. The conclusion of the study of cow feces and buffalo feces can be used as raw material for making paper pulp, but the physical strength are still below the SNI quality standard.

Kata Kunci : feses sapi, feses kerbau, pulp, kertas