PEKERJA ANAK DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2013

SHINTA MAULIDA, Dr. Agus Joko Pitoyo, M.A

2015 | Skripsi | S1 GEOGRAFI DAN ILMU LINGKUNGAN

INTISARI Pekerja anak merupakan permasalahan yang belum terselesaikan sampai saat ini seperti yang terjadi di DIY. Usia anak 10 sampai 14 tahun merupakan usia sekolah namun karena faktor kemiskinan keluarga menyebabkan seorang anak bekerja agar membantu perekonomian rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bersifat analisis deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan karakteristik pekerja anak di DIY. Jumlah jam kerja dan pendapatan erat kaitannya dengan kondisi anak bekerja secara berlebihan dan tidak berlebihan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan distribusi pekerja anak di DIY tiap-tiap Kabupaten/ Kota menurut kondisi demografi, jumlah pekerja anak di DIY sebanyak 31.426 anak (7,98 persen) dari jumlah anak yang tidak bekerja (393.753 anak), 3,22 persen anak-anak yang bekerja di DIY tahun 2013 berusia 15 sampai 17 tahun dan 26,78 persen anak-anak yang bekerja berusia 10 sampai 14 tahun. Dengan jenis kelamin pekerja anak di DIY 50,02 adalah perempuan. Berdasarkan kondisi sosial dan ekonomi partisipasi sekolah pekerja anak tertinggi yang tidak/ belum pernah sekolah 100 persen berada di Kab. Kulonprogo, masih bersekolah 50,60 persen berada di Kab. Gunungkidul, dan tidak bersekolah lagi/ putus sekolah 39,84 persen berada di Kota Yogyakarta. Menurut tiap-tiap Kabupaten/ Kota pekerja anak yang banyak terserap di sektor pertanian adalah Kab. Gunungkidul (88,69 persen), di sektor industri adalah Kab. Bantul (52,31 persen), dan di sektor jasa adalah Kab. Sleman (37,43 persen) dengan rata-rata upah pendapatan pekerja anak di DIY tahun 2013 tergolong rendah yaitu sebesar Rp.238.948,00 per bulan. Berdasarkan Peta Distribusi Pekerja Anak Berdasarkan Jam Kerja di DIY Tahun 2013, persentase jam kerja pekerja anak secara berlebihan tertinggi berada di Kota Yogyakarta sebesar 8,62 persen. Menurut tipe daerah jumlah jam kerja pekerja anak berlebihan lebih banyak di daerah perkotaan 19,62 persen dibandingkan di perdesaan 15,07 persen. Berdasarkan tiap-tiap Kabupaten/ Kota pekerja anak di perkotaan dengan jumlah jam kerja berlebih (lebih dari 40 jam) terbanyak terdapat di Kab. Sleman 9,17 persen dan di Kota Yogyakarta 8,27 persen. Kata kunci: Pekerja anak, Distribusi dan Karakteristik Pekerja Anak, Jam Kerja, DIY

ABSTRACT Child labor is a problem that has not been resolved until this day in DIY. Children with age 10 to 14 years old is a school age, but family poverty causes a child to work in order to help the domestic economy. This study is a descriptive analysis that aims to determine the distribution and characteristics of child labor in DIY. Working hours and incomes closely related to the child's condition excessive work and not excessive . The results showed the distribution of child labor in DIY each district / city based on demographic characteristics , social , and economic as well as there is a positive relationship between child work hours with income of child labor where the higher the working hours of child labor will increase incomes. The results showed the distribution of the number of childs labor in DIY amounted to 31.426 children (7,98 percent) of the number of children who do not work (393.753 children), 3,22 percent of childs labor in DIY in 2013 15 to 17 years of age and 26,78 percent of childs labor 10 to 14 years of age. Sex ratio of child labor in DIY 50,02 percent is woman . Based on the social and economic conditions, the higherst participation of the child labor which do not/ have not been to school in Kulonprogo district is 100 percent. 50,60 percent were still attending school in Gunungkidul district and not attending school/ school drop 39,84 percent in the city of Yogyakarta. According to each district / city, the most child labor absorbed in the agricultural sector was Gunung Kidul (88,69 percent), in the industrial sector was Bantul (52,31 percent), and in the services sector was Sleman (37,43 percent). Average of wage income of childs labor in the province was Rp.238.948,00 per month. Based of the Distribution Map of Child Labour in DIY by Hours of Work In 2013, the percentage of work more than 24 hours is Yogyakarta city (8,62 percen)t. According to the type of area the number of excessive work hours in urban areas 19,62 percent and rural areas 15,07 percent. Under each District / City of child labor in urban areas with excessive working hours (over 40 hours) are the highest in the district. Sleman 9,17 percent and 8,27 percent in the city of Yogyakarta. The highest number of over 40 working hours are Sleman 9,17 percent and Yogyakarta city 8,27 percent. Key words : child labor , distribution and characteristics of child labor , working hours, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: Pekerja anak, Distribusi dan Karakteristik Pekerja Anak, Jam Kerja, DIY