BIOMONITORING PENCEMARAN SUNGAI GADJAH WONG : PERTUMBUHAN, MORFOMETRI, KADAR Hb, DAN STRUKTUR HISTOLOGIS INSANG IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)

DEDDY ARYANTO KRISNAWAN, Dr. rer. nat. Andhika Puspito Nugroho ; Dr. Bambang Retnoaji ., S.Si, M.Si

2015 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

INTISARI Limbah organik merupakan limbah yang mengandung unsur karbon dan mudah membusuk apabila dibuang di lingkungan perairan. Limbah susu merupakan limbah organik yang dihasilkan oleh Industri Susu, di Yoyakarta. Limbah susu yang dibuang di sungai Gadjah Wong dapat menimbulkan pencemaran air dan gangguan pada organisme akuatik seperti perubahan fisiologis (kadar hemoglobin) dan histologis insang ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon perubahan fisiologis, histologis insang ikan, pertumbuhan ikan nila dan mengetahui tingkat pencemaran air sungai akibat limbah organik. Penelitian dilakukan selama 30 hari di sungai Gadjah Wong. 20 Ikan nila dipelihara di keramba dengan pemeliharaan ikan nila di 3 lokasi penelitian dengan jarak 10 m, 30m dan 50 m dari pipa limbah. Sejumlah 5 ikan nila diambil pada hari ke 0 dan 30 untuk dilakukan perhitungan kadar hemoglobin, pertumbuhan, morfometri, dan dampak histologis pada insang ikan. Data dianalisis dengan Two Way Anova. Secara fisiologis, kadar hemoglobin, panjang dan berat pada ikan nila mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan pada setiap lokasi namun masih dalam kisaran normal. Edema ringan terjadi pada lamella sekunder. Ikan nila memiliki pertumbuhan yang normal dilihat dari nilai indeks Ponderal. Limbah organik hasil pembuangan industri susu tidak menimbulkan pencemaran pada sungai Gadjah Wong dilihat dari pengukuran kualitas air sungai. Kata Kunci : Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus), Insang Ikan, Kadar Hemoglobin, Limbah Organik, Pertumbuhan.

ABSTRACT Organic waste contains elements of carbon and ready to decompose when it dumped in the aquatic environment. Milk waste is organic waste produced by the Dairy Industry, in Yoyakarta. Discharge of milk waste into the Gadjah Wong river can result in water pollution and affect to aquatic organisms such as physiological changes (hemoglobin level) and histological gills of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study aimed to study the response of physiological changes, histological gills of fish, growth and the level of water pollution in the river due to organic waste. The research was conducted for 30 days at Gadjah Wong river. Twenty fishes were cultured in the cage, which was placed in the three study sites with a distance of 10 m, 30 m and 50 m from sewage pipes. Five fishes were taken at day 0 and 30 for the calcution of growth, morphometric, level of haemoglobin, and effect on histological structure of gills. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The results show that the hemoglobin level, length and weight of the tilapia increased significantly in each study site, but being in the normal range. Edema symptoms occurred at the secondary lamella. Tilapia had normal growth based on Ponderal index. Water quality tests showed that discharge of organic waste did not result in water pollution in river. Keywords: Gills Fish, Growth, Hemoglobin Level, Organic Waste, Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Kata Kunci : kan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus), Insang Ikan, Kadar Hemoglobin, Limbah Organik, Pertumbuhan.