Hubungan Karies Ibu dengan Karies Anak pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini

SUCI KURNIAWATI, drg. Rosa Amalia, M.Kes, Ph.D;drg. Bambang Priyono, S.U.;drg. Sri Rezeky Damayanti, M.Kes

2015 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Karies gigi dapat ditularkan secara horizontal dan vertikal. Hasil beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transmisi S. mutans lebih sering terjadi secara vertikal dari ibu ke anak dibandingkan secara horizontal antara anak dengan saudaranya. Kejadian karies gigi juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik yang mempengaruhi keadaan gigi, struktur enamel, dan perkembangan gigi yang dapat diturunkan dari orang tua ke anaknya. Hubungan antara ibu dan anak dalam keluarga Indonesia khususnya etnis Jawa sangat erat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karies ibu dengan karies anak dikaitkan dengan variabel lain yaitu umur ibu pada saat melahirkan, jenis kelamin anak, frekuensi menyikat gigi anak, konsumsi ASI atau susu formula, asuransi kesehatan, umur anak saat mulai menyikat gigi, utilisasi, pendidikan ibu, dan status ekonomi keluarga. Penelitian ini belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia dengan latar belakang budaya, sosial ekonomi dan etnis yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus kontrol. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 248 anak berusia 2-5 tahun yang terdiri dari 124 anak karies sebagai kelompok kasus dan 124 anak tidak karies sebagai kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PAUD Kecamatan Samigaluh Kabupaten Kulon Progo Yogyakarta. Karies ibu sebagai variabel pengaruh dan variabel lain yang diperlukan sebagai kovariat yaitu umur ibu pada saat melahirkan, jenis kelamin anak, frekuensi menyikat gigi anak, konsumsi ASI atau susu formula, asuransi kesehatan, umur anak saat mulai menyikat gigi, utilisasi, pendidikan ibu, dan status ekonomi keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen check list untuk mendapatkan data ibu beserta anak serta perilaku ibu dan anak. Status karies ibu diukur menggunakan indeks DMFT. Status karies anak diukur dengan indeks dmft. Data hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis chi-square dan logistik regresi untuk mengetahui berapa risiko karies ibu terhadap karies anaknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara karies ibu dengan karies anak. Karies anak dipengaruhi oleh faktor perilaku yaitu frekuensi menyikat gigi, pendidikan ibu dan status ekonomi keluarga.

Dental caries can be transmitted horizontally and vertically. Results of several studies showed that transmission of S. mutans is more common vertically from mother to child than horizontally between children and their siblings. The incidence of dental caries are also influenced by genetic factors that affect teeth condition, structure of enamel and tooth development that can be derived from parents to their children. The relationship between mother and child in Indonesian family is very closely related, especially the Javanese. This research aimed to determine the correlation between mother's caries and children's caries that were associated with other variables such as maternal age at childbirth, sex of child, tooth brushing frequency of child, consumption of breast milk or formula, health insurance, child's age when started brushing, utilization, mother's education, and economic status of the family. This study has never been done in Indonesia with the different of a cultural background, socio-economic and ethnic. This research used case control design. The subjects of the research were as many as 248 children who were in the age group of 2-5 years old consisting of 124 caries children as the case group and 124 non-caries children as the control group. This research was conducted in early childhood education programs Samigaluh District, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Influence variables is mother's caries and other variables that required as a covariate variables such as maternal age at childbirth, sex of child, tooth brushing frequency of child, consumption of breastmilk or formula, health insurance, child's age when started brushing, utilization, mother's education, and economic status of the family. This research used check list instruments to get data of mothers and childrens and also to know about maternal and child behavior. Mother's caries status was measured with the DMFT index. Children's caries status was measured with the dmft index. The data of the study were analyzed with the chi-square and logistic regression to investigated the odds ratio of mother's caries to children's caries. The results showed that there was no correlation of mother's caries and children's caries. Children's caries influenced by behavior factor such as frequency of tooth brushing, mother's education and economic status of the family.

Kata Kunci : karies ibu, karies anak, faktor perilaku, pendidikan ibu, status ekonomi keluarga