Kajian Kota Layak Huni Ditinjau dari Aspek Lingkungan Hidup di Kota Tegal Jawa Tengah

HILLARY KRISTARANI, Alia Fajarwati, S.Si, M.IDEA

2015 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Era kini banyak masyarakat kota mengeluhkan ketidaknyamanan lingkungan kota tempat tinggal mereka. Kota layak huni atau The Livable City merupakan gambaran sebuah lingkungan dan suasana kota yang nyaman sebagai tempat tinggal dan sebagai tempat untuk beraktifitas yang dilihat dari berbagai variabel baik fisik maupun non-fisik (Wheeler, 2004). Lokasi penelitian berada di Kota Tegal yang berada di wilayah pesisir yang mana memiliki potensi pengembangan wilayah pada sumber daya alam, pelabuhan niaga, pariwisata, sentra industri, hingga perdagangan dan jasa. Berbagai potensi tersebut menjadi suatu ancaman bagi wilayah apabila pengembangannya tidak memperhatikan aspek ekologisnya. Suatu kota yang berkembang perlu mempertimbangkan keberlanjutannya (sustainability) sehingga layak untuk ditinggali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi kelayakan huni Kota Tegal yang yang ditinjau dari aspek lingkungan hidup dan (2) mengidentifikasi persepsi masyarakat Kota Tegal mengenai kelayakan huni yang ditinjau dari aspek lingkungan hidup di Kota Tegal. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu cluster sampling dan purposive sampling. Responden yang dipillih yakni individu di dalam setiap cluster. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan data sekunder. Sedangkan teknik pengolahan data dengan statistik SPSS dan Microsoft Excel serta teknik analisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kota Tegal layak dihuni apabila ditinjau dari beberapa aspek lingkungan hidup, yakni variabel kualitas udara (secara umum baik namun terdapat 3 dari 9 lokasi sudah tercemar), kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan sosial. Namun, Kota Tegal belum layak untuk dihuni apabila ditinjau dari beberapa aspek lingkungan hidup, yakni variabel kualitas air permukaan/sungai dan air bersih/sumur serta Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH). Berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat Kota Tegal, Kota Tegal sudah layak huni apabila ditinjau dari aspek lingkungan hidup seperti variabel kualitas udara dan air bersih, kesehatan masyarakat, serta lingkungan sosialnya. Namun masyarakat masih merasa penyediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) publik di Kota Tegal masih kurang.

Nowadays, urban communities criticized the displeased city environment they lived in. The Livable City depicted the comfortable city environment and atmosphere as a residence and a place to do daily activities reviewed by several variables including the physical and the non-physical (Wheeler, 2004). This research conducted in Tegal which located in the littoral area that had the regional development potential in it natural resources, commercial port, tourism, industrial centers, trade and service. However, the potential factors might become a threat for Tegal itself if it development did not regard the ecology aspect. A developing city were regarded the sustainability, so that it considered as a livable city. The aim of this research were 1) identified the livability of Tegal observed from the environment aspect, and 2) identified the society’s perception who lived in Tegal about the livability reviewed by the environment aspect. The data collecting techniques of this research were the cluster sampling and purposive sampling. The respondents were the individual taken by each cluster. The data collecting technique were done through observation, interview, and the secondary data. Moreover, the data processing technique were done by the SPSS statistic and Microsoft Excel, also the descriptive quantitative as the data analysis technique. The results of this research showed that Tegal were considered as a livable city reviewed by several environment aspects which were the variable of air pollution (generally great, but 3 out of 9 places were polluted), the public health, and the social environment. However, Tegal were not considered as a livable city reviewed by other environment aspects which were the water quality standards for surface waters and local green space. Based on the perception of the society, Tegal were already considered as a livable city reviewed by environment aspects like air and water pollution, public health, and social environment. Although, people in Tegal presumed that the local green space were still minimum.

Kata Kunci : identifikasi, kota layak huni, lingkungan hidup, kota Tegal