Berpindah dan Menetap: Kehidupan Kelompok Iban di Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat, 1920-an sampai 1980-an

WIWIK FITRI W., Uji Nugroho W., M. A.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU SEJARAH

Kalimantan dihuni oleh beberapa kelompok etnis, salah satunya Dayak. Iban, sebagai bagian dari Dayak digambarkan sebagai kelompok yang berpindah-pindah melewati perbatasan, sering mengayau, dan sulit tersentuh perubahan. Wilayah persebarannya meliputi wilayah Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat dan Serawak, Malaysia. Berada di antara dua kekuasaan kolonial, Brooke dan pemerintah kolonial Belanda tidak menghentikan kebiasaan kultural tersebut. Hidup berpindah juga menjadi bagian dari sejarah penting orang-orang Iban yang kini tinggal di Sungai Utik. Mereka berpindah secara turun-temurun kemudian menetap. Penelitian ini membahas kehidupan orang-orang Iban Sungai Utik selama berpindah dan membentuk pemukiman. Tidak hanya itu, konsekuensi dari hidup berpindah dan menetap juga dijelaskan di bagian akhir tulisan ini. Orang-orang Iban Sungai Utik berpindah dari Lanjak ke wilayah yang diberikan oleh Suku Embaloh melalui perjanjian adat. Selama menempati wilayah tersebut, mereka tetap hidup berpindah. Gagasan dan pola pikir baru selanjutnya membawa mereka untuk hidup menetap. Dalam perjalanan hidup mereka, pengaruh pendidikan dan agama Katholik menjadi dua hal yang penting untuk disoroti. Kehidupan berpindah dan menetap memiliki beberapa konsekuensi dari aspek kehidupan, yaitu konsekuensi ekologi, sosial, ekonomi, politik, dan kehidupan beragama.

Kalimantan is inhabited by several ethnic groups, one of which named Dayak. As a part of Dayak, Iban people were described as a group that moved across the border, often headhunting, and hardly adapted to change. Its spreading territory involved areas of Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan and Sarawak, Malaysia. Being in the midst of two colonial powers such as Brooke, The White Rajah and The Dutch did not stop their entrenched cultural habits. Being nomadic had also become an important part of the history of the Iban people who now live in Utik riverside. They migrated for generations before finally settling down. This study discusses the lives of the Iban people along Utik riverside during the period of their migration and settlement establishment. The discussion continues to the consequences of the migration and settlement that are described in the last section of this writing. Iban people in Utik riverside moved from Lanjak to the area that was given by the Embaloh tribe through customs agreement. During their occupation, they kept migrating on that area. The later ideas and new mindset subsequently brought them to a sedentary life. In the course of their life, the influence of Catholic education and religion became two paramount things to be highlighted. The migration and settlement had many consequences that influenced their ecological, social, economic, political and religious ways of life.

Kata Kunci : Iban, perpindahan, menetap, Sungai Utik