PrarancanganPabrik Butadieana dari n-Butena Kapasitas 100.000 ton per tahun

ADE WILI MARTA, Wiratni S.T., M.T., Ph. D

2012 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK KIMIA

Pabrik Butadiena dari n-Butena adalah salah satu industry petrochemical. Butadiena dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku karet sintesis. Dewasa ini kebutuhan karet sintesis dunia semakin meningkat untuk melengkapi kebutuhan karet tertentu yang spesifikasinya tidak dapat dipenuhi karet alam. Pabrik Butadiena dari n-Butena ini menggunakan bahan baku Butana-Butena Stream. Pabrik ini dirancang dengan kapasitas produksi 100.000 ton/tahun. Pabrik ini beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 24 jam/hari dan diperkirakan selama setahun bekerja selama 330 tahun. Reaksi n-Butena menjadi Butadiena berlangsung dalam reactor fixed bed, dengan menggunakan katalis chromia-alumina. Reaksi berlangsung pada suhu 650-670 oC dan pada tekanan vakum 0.2 atm. Karena terjadi deaktifasi katalis akibat coking, maka setiap 15 menit reactor perlu diregenerasi. Supaya proses dapat berjalan kontinyu, maka diperlukan 2 buah reaktor. Reaktor 1 on-stream, reaktor 2 regenerasi. Konversi rendah sekitar 30% sehingga reaktan yang belum bereaksi perlu di recycle. Pabrik Butadiena dari n-Butena ini membutuhkan bahan baku Butana-Butena Stream sebesar 300.841,2 ton/tahun dan menghasilkan Butadiena sebanyak 10.4959,3 ton/tahun. Pabrik ini membutuhkan bahan pembantu proses berupa katalis chromia-alumina sebanyak 226.194,6 ton/tahun. Pabrik Butadiena direncanakan akan didirikan di Palembang, Sumatera Selatan. Pabrik ini membutuhkan modal tetap sebesar US$ 163.029.681,4 dan Rp 142.114.786.327,8 dan modal kerja sebesar US$ 69.339.044,2 dan Rp 813.870.428.649,5. Dari perhitungan diperoleh hasil percent return of investment sebelum pajak 53.29 % dan percent return of investment setelah pajak 29.23 %, pay out time sebelum pajak 1.46 tahun dan pay out time setelah pajak 2.55 tahun. Break even point pada 51.67 % kapasitas, shut down point pada 27.1 % kapasitas dan discounted cash flow sebesar 24.2 %.

This Butadiene plant from Buthene is one of petrochemical industry. Butadiene can be used as raw material of synthetic rubber. Nowadays, the needs of synthetic rubber grew up to complement the needs of certain rubber which specification can not be fulfilled by natural rubber. This Butadiene plant uses Butane-Butene streams as raw materials. The plant is designed with the production capacity of 100.000 ton/year. This plant operates continuously 24 hour/day and it is designed to operated in 330 days/year. The reaction of n-Butene to Butadiene take place in the fixed bed reactor, using Chromia-alumina catalysts. The reaction takes place at an optimum temperature of 650-670 ° C and at an optimum pressure of 0.2 atm vacuum. Because of the catalyst deactivation due to coking, every_15 minutes reactor needs to be regenerated. Therefore, to make the process run continuously, it requires 2 reactors to run alternately. When reactor 1 is on process, reactor 2 is conducting regeneration. The conversion is low (about 30%) so that the unreacted portion of reactant needs to be recycled. The_Butadiene from Buthene plant requires the raw materials Butane-Butene Stream of 300,841.2 tons / year and produces Butadiene as much 10.4959,3 tons / year. The plant takes Chromia-alumina catalysts as much as 226,194.6 tons / year. Butadiene Plant planned to be established in Palembang, South Sumatra. This plant requires a fixed capital of U.S. $ 163,030,000 and Rp 142,114,800,000 and working capital of U.S. $ 69,340,000 and Rp 813,870,400,000. From the calculations, the results of percent return on investment before taxes is 53.29%, the percent return on investment after taxes is 29.23%, pay out time before taxes is 1.46 year and pay out time after tax is 2.55 year. Break even point is at 51.67% capacity, shut down point is at 27.1% capacity and discounted cash flow is 24.2%. Based on these economic parameters from the simplified calculations in this design, the butadiene plant described in this design is interesting for more detailed design and feasibility analysis.

Kata Kunci : Butena, Butadiena