Perancangan sistem pemantauan daerah aliran sungai (DAS) berbasis jaringan sensor nirkabel

KHOZAINUZ ZUHRI, Dr. I Wayan Mustika, S.T., M. Eng.; Addin Suwastono, S.T., M. Eng.

2015 | Tesis | S2 MAGISTER TEKNIK INFORMASI

Hampir di setiap musim penghujan, wilayah-wilayah yang berada di dekat kawasan atau daerah aliran sungai (DAS) mengalami banjir. Banjir sebagai akibat dari meluapnya atau meningkatnya debit sungai menimbulkan kerusakan infrastruktur, terhambatnya produksi pertanian dan berpengaruh terhadap pembangunan eknonomi lokal khusunya masyarakat di sepanjang DAS. Selain banjir, DAS juga berperan dalam menunjukkan terjadinya kekurangan air pada musim kemarau dan kelebihan air dimusim hujan. Hal ini karena aliran DAS melewati berbagai rona lingkungan seperti kawasan industri, pemukiman, dan pertanian. Dari kerusakan dan kekhawatiran yang ditimbulkan, muncul suatu permasalahan di antaranya, masyarakat terlambat menerima informasi ketinggian air, masyarakat masih kesulitan dengan akses sistem pemantauan yang telah di bangun dan masyarakat menunggu datangnya informasi ketinggian air via short massage service (SMS). Salah satu upaya dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan membangun sistem pemantauan (monitoring system) di daerah aliran sungai dengan teknologi baru yang memiliki mobilitas fleksibel sekaligus memiliki tampilan yang ramah dan mudah diakses. Rancangan sistem pemantuan DAS memberikan waktu update data ketinggian air setiap 30 detik dengan waktu pengiriman ke database server rata-rata setiap 30-60 detik, aplikasi sistem berbasis web sehingga dapat di akses dari berbagai jenis perangkat dan dapat di akses dimana saja, perangkat sensor memiliki jarak deteksi 2-300 cm dan sistem jaringan topologi mesh dengan jarak transmisi antara titik node 1200 meter outdoor. Selain itu, teknologi yang dikembangkan memiliki mobilitas dan fleksibel ruang dengan mengembangkan teknologi model single board computer (SBC).

Almost in every rainy season, the regions located near watershed (DAS) had floods. A flood as a consequence of river water debit overflow or increase has caused infrastructure damages, obstruction of agricultural production and influenced local economic development, especially community along the watershed. Besides floods, watershed also played roles in showing the incidence of water deficiency in dry season and water excess in rainy season. This is due to watershed flow passed various environmental regions such as industrial, residence and agriculture. Out of damages and anxiety caused, it emerges problems among others: community are late to accept information of water elevation, community are still having difficulties to access a monitoring system built and they are waiting for water elevation information via a short message service (SMS). One of efforts to overcome the problems was by establishing a monitoring system in the watershed with a new technology by a more-flexible mobility and having a friendly appearance and easily accessed. Watershed monitoring system design provides water elevation data update time every 30 seconds by an average of database server delivery time every 30-60 seconds, web-based system application so that it can be accessed from various device styles and can be accessed anywhere, the censor device has a detection distance of 2-300 cm and a mesh topology network system with transmission distance between node point of 1200 meters outdoor. Besides, the technology developed has a room mobility and flexibility by developing a single board computer (SBC) model technology.

Kata Kunci : Watershed, Flood, Monitoring System, Internet, Wireless, Raspberry Pi, ZigBee, Height Sensor