Respon Anatomis, Fisiologis, dan Produktivitas Jagung (Zea mays L.) 'Sweet Boy-02' Pada Perbedaan Intensitas Cahaya dan Penyiraman

HAFIDHA ASNI AKMALIA, Dr. E. Suharyanto, M.S., M.Sc.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Perbedaan kondisi lingkungan dapat mengakibatkan respon anatomis yang terkait dengan pertumbuhan tanaman. Fenomena ini memberikan informasi tentang kemampuan adaptasi tanaman jagung serta menjadi acuan untuk peningkatan produktivitas jagung melalui manipulasi kondisi abiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengetahui respon anatomis dan fisiologis tanaman jagung 'Sweet Boy-02' pada perbedaan intensitas cahaya dan penyiraman serta (2) menentukan intensitas cahaya dan penyiraman yang tepat guna peningkatan produktivitas jagung. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 faktor intensitas cahaya (63694, 11408 dan 3897 Lux) dan 3 faktor penyiraman (pemberian air sebanyak 2 L; 1,6 L; 1,2 L). Tiap kombinasi perlakuan dibuat tiga ulangan. Penanaman jagung dilakukan di lahan Sawitsari, Yogyakarta. Jagung dipanen saat berumur 75 hari dengan respon anatomis yang diamati meliputi daun (tebal epidermis dan daun; indeks stomata), akar (diameter trakea), dan batang (diameter trakea). Respon fisiologis dilihat dari kadar prolin, kadar klorofil, panjang akar, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, rasio panjang dan lebar daun, berat kering tanaman, rasio akar-tajuk, serta produktivitas diukur dari berat, lingkar dan panjang tongkol. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Sidik Ragam Varian (Anava) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Intensitas cahaya L1 dan penyiraman W1 menyebabkan peningkatan tebal epidermis dan daun serta indeks stomata besar. Pada akar terjadi peningkatan diameter trakea akar namun tidak pada trakea batang. Kadar klorofil, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, rasio lebar-panjang daun, biomasa tanaman serta produktivitas juga meningkat. Sementara itu, panjang akar, rasio akar/tajuk, dan kadar prolin meningkat di bawah intensitas cahaya L1 disertai penyiraman W2-W3.

The difference of environmental condition makes the change of anatomical structure related to its growth. This phenomenon gives an information about maize's adaptation and it can be a clue to increase maize productivity through the manipulation of abiotic condition. The aims of the research were (1) to evaluate anatomical and physiological response of maize in different light and water treatment, and (2) to determine the right light and water treatment to increase maize productivity. This research used Randomized Completed Design with 3 regimes of light intensity (63694, 11408 dan 3897 Lux) and 3 regimes of watering (2 L/ 1,6 L/ and 1,2 L). Each combination was done with 3 replications. Maize was harvested in 75 days after the treatment and the measured anatomical responses were leaf (epidermis and leaf thickness; stomatal indeks), root (tracheal diameter) and stem (tracheal diameter). The physiological responses could be seen from proline and chlorophyll content, root length, plant height, leaf's total number, leaf's length-width ratio, plant biomass, root/shoot ratio and the productivity based on the weight, circle dan length of fruit. Data were analyzed by Anava and DMRT test with significance level of 5%. The results showed that the light intensity L1 and watering W1 caused thicker epidermis and thicker leaf, the larger stomatal index and root's tracheal diameter. While, the stem's tracheal diameter was not affected significantly. The chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf's total number, leaf's length-width ratio, plant biomass, and the productivity was also higher. On the other hand, root length, root/shoot ratio, and proline content had a slight difference, that they increased under high light intensity L1 and drought W2-W3.

Kata Kunci : Sweet Boy-02, anatomical response, physiological response, produvtivity