Pengendalian Antraknosa Pada Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.) Oleh Fungi Endofit Daun Majapahit (Crescentia cujete L.)

NOORKOMALA SARI, Rina Sri Kasiamdari, S.Si., Ph.D.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Antraknosa merupakan penyakit utama yang sering menyerang pertanian C.annuum (Capsicum annuum L.). Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh jamur patogen Colletotrichum spp. Perlindungan tanaman dari serangan fungi patogen menggunakan fungi endofit telah banyak diteliti dan banyak memberikan keuntungan dalam respon ketahanan tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui daya antagonisme fungi endofit asal daun tanaman Majapahit (Crescentia cujete L.) terhadap fungi patogen penyebab antraknosa secara in vitro maupun in vivo. Secara in vitro dilakukan dengan pengukuran persen daya hambat oleh fungi endofit terhadap pertumbuhan fungi patogen sedangkan secara in vivo dengan melakukan uji ketahanan terinduksi pada tanaman C.annuum terhadap penyakit antraknosa dengan inokulasi fungi endofit. Fungi penyebab antraknosa pada tanaman C.annuum (Capsicum annuum L.) kultivar PM 999 koleksi dari ladang pertanian Kricaan, Mesir, Magelang, Jawa Tengah yang berhasil didentifikasi dan dikonfirmasi patogenesitasnya adalah C. acutatum. Hasil isolasi fungi endofit dari daun Majapahit Koleksi dari Kampus ITS, Surabaya yaitu 9 isolat dari Colletotrichum spp.; 5 isolat dari Rhizoctonia spp.; 1 isolat Sporidesmium sp.; 1 isolat Neonectria sp. dan 7 isolat yang tidak teridentifikasi (Mycelia sterilia). Persen daya hambat fungi endofit asal daun Majapahit terhadap C. acutatum yaitu Neonectria sp. 71,43%, Sporidesmium sp. 68,67% dan Binukleat Rhizoctonia sp. 71,43%. Fungi endofit asal daun Majapahit mampu menginfeksi perakaran C.annuum dengan nilai persen infeksi Neonectria sp. 42,49% tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kehadiran infeksi C. acutatum 43,33%. Persen infeksi Sporidesmium sp. mengalami kenaikan infeksi (34,08 ke 45%) dengan kehadiran C. acutatum walaupun tidak siginifikan. Binukleat Rhizoctonia sp. mengalami pernurunan infeksi (32,43% ke 28,33%) dengan adanya kehadiran C. acutatum. Patogen C. acutatum mengalami penurunan infeksi (29,83%) walaupun tidak begitu signifikan dengan adanya kolonisasi endofit (18,33-10%).

Anthracnose is a quite serious and wide spread disease againts Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivation. This disease is predominantly caused by fungi Colletotrichum spp. Plant protection against pathogenic fungi using endophytic fungi have been studied recently and provides promising result in plant resistance responses. The purpose of this research was to observe resisting capacity by endophytic fungi concerning to Colletotrichum sp., causing anthracnose, both in vitro and in vivo. The cause of anthracnose fungi on Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars PM 999 was collected from Kricaan of farm fields, Mesir, Magelang, Central Java, its successfully identified and confirmed its patogenicity was C. acutatum. Endophytic fungi were isolated from Calabash Tree leaves collected from Sepuluh Nopember Institut of Technology campus, Surabaya, they were 9 isolates of Colletotrichum spp.; 5 isolates of Rhizoctonia spp .; 1 isolates Sporidesmium sp .; 1 isolates Neonectria sp. and 7 isolates were not identified (Mycelia sterilia). Percent inhibition of endophytic fungi against C. acutatum were Neonectria sp. 71.43%, Sporidesmium sp. 68.67% and Binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. 71.43%. Endophytic fungi isolated from Calabash Tree leaves were capable of infecting the roots of Red Chilli with percent infection of Neonectria sp. (42.49% to 43.33%) did not significantly different with the presence of C. acutatum infection. Percent infection Sporidesmium sp. increased (34.08% to 45%) but not significantly different by the presence of C. acutatum infection. Percent infection Binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. decreased (32.43% to 28.33%) but not significantly by the presence of C. acutatum infection. C. acutatum infection was decreased (29,83%) not significantly with the presence of endophytic colonization (18,33-10%).

Kata Kunci : endophytic, Colletotrichum spp., anthracnose, red chili, calabash tree