DAMPAK THE U.S. SOUTH KOREA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (KORUS FTA) TERHADAP MODEL PEMBANGUNAN DI KOREA SELATAN : DEVELOPMENTAL STATE VS LIBERAL STATE

PRISTA YURINDA H., Dr. Nanang Pamuji Mugasejati

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu untuk mengetahui dampak liberalisasi ekonomi terhadap model pembangunan suatu negara, dengan menggunakan studi kasus pengaruh KORUS FTA terhadap model pembangunan developmental state Korea Selatan. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa liberalisasi ekonomi dalam proses globalisasi berpotensi melunturkan intervensi pemerintah dalam aktivitas perekonomian di suatu negara, khususnya developmental state. Selain itu, banyak pula penelitian yang menekankan klaim tentang seberapa besar otonomi politik negara yang telah hilang, keterbatasan pilihan kebijakan, dan kecilnya peran negara dalam pembangunan ekonomi negara sebagai dampak liberalisasi ekonomi tersebut. Mereka menyimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya tekanan liberalisasi ekonomi, maka era developmental state telah berakhir. Taiwan merupakan contoh negara yang mengalami pergeseran model pembangunan dari developmental state menjadi liberal state, yang merupakan akibat dari tekanan liberalisasi ekonomi. Model pembangunan Developmental State cenderung berorientasi pada ekspor namun membatasi impor karena sifat proteksionismenya, sehingga sering menimbulkan konflik jika dihadapkan dengan liberalisasi ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, developmental state dituntut untuk lebih membuka diri di era pasar bebas seperti saat ini. KORUS FTA merupakan salah satu respon Korea Selatan (developmental state) terhadap tekanan liberalisasi perdagangan. Menariknya adalah pada seberapa besar KORUS FTA memberikan dampak liberalisasi ekonomi di Korea Selatan dan kemungkinan atau potensi KORUS FTA melunturkan model pembangunan developmental state di Korea Selatan.

The aim of this research is to get information about the effect of economics liberal to the development of a country, by using a case study about the KORUS FTA effects on development model of developmental state in South Korea. There are some previous researches that stated that economics liberal in a globalization process has the potential to fade the government intervension in the economic activities in a country, especially in developmental state. In addition, there are also many researches that emphasize the cliam about how big politics autonomy of the country that has been lost, the limit of policy, and how small the role of government in the economic development as the effect of that economic liberal. They conclude that with the pressure of economic liberal so the era of developmental state is ended. Taiwan is the example of the country that experienced the changing of development model from developmental state become liberal state, which is the effect from the economic liberal pressure. Developmental State Model tends to be oriented in export but limiting the import because of the protectionist nature, so that it often causes conflicts when facing with economic liberal. Accordingly, the developmental state is required to be more 'open' in the era of free market as it is today. KORUS FTA is one of the correspondent from South Korea (developmental state) to the pressure of trade liberalization. Interestingly, on how much the KORUS FTA impact of economic liberalization in South Korea and the possibility or potential of diluting the KORUS FTA developmental state model of development in South Korea.

Kata Kunci : developmental state, liberalisasi ekonomi, KORUS FTA, liberal state