INOVASI PEMERINTAH KOTA BANDUNG DALAM PROGRAM PENYELESAIAN PERMASALAHAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH

AKHMAD FAIS FAUZI, M. Sani Roychansyah, S.T., M.Eng., D.Eng.; Ir. Didik Kristiadi, MLA., M.Arch.UD.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Dewasa ini, permasalahan permukiman di kota-kota di Indonesia semakin kompleks, salah satunya adalah permasalahan permukiman kumuh. Pemerintah daerah memiliki peran penting dalam hal ini. Sebab menurut PP No. 38 Tahun 2007, urusan permukiman merupakan urusan wajib pemerintah daerah. Namun pada kenyataannya, berbagai program pemerintah daerah dalam upaya menyelesaikan permukiman kumuh ini seringkali gagal. Hal ini dikarenakan pendekatannya masih mengandalkan rasionalitas tradisional. Wujudnya yaitu mengandalkan hirarki formal, sektoral, top down dan teknokratik, prosedur yang kaku, serta menekankan perhitungan dan aspek fisik semata dalam melaksanakan program. Padahal permasalahan permukiman kumuh ini adalah permasalahan yang kompleks dan multi aspek, sehingga sangat membutuhkan inovasi dalam prosesnya. Hal ini terbukti dengan adanya inovasi dalam program, permasalahan permukiman kumuh ini mulai mampu diselesaikan. Contohnya seperti yang telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Bandung, khususnya pada masa Walikota Ridwan Kamil, yang telah berinovasi dalam program untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan permukiman kumuh. Keberhasilan ini diketahui dari menangnya Pemerintah Kota Bandung dalam Penghargaan Adiupaya Puritama bidang perumahan dan kawasan permukiman tahun 2014. Hal ini memunculkan pertanyaan seperti apa inovasi yang dilakukan pemerintah Kota Bandung dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan permukiman kumuh. Khususnya pada tiga program yang dijadikan unit amatan: (1) program penataan prasarana, sarana, dan utilitas permukiman padat penduduk di Babakan Ciamis (program jangka pendek); (2) program penataan kawasan permukiman kumuh di sempadan sungai di Babakan Surabaya (program jangka menengah); serta (3) program apartemen rakyat dan revitalisasi kawasan “membangun tanpa menggusur” di Babakan Siliwangi (program jangka panjang). Dari keseluruhan program tersebut, dapat ditarik dua inovasi utama yang paling menonjol di antara inovasi-inovasi lainnya. Pertama, adanya peran penting Walikota Bandung, Ridwan Kamil terkait keterlibatan langsung dalam program. Dalam hal ini, faktor kepemimpinan (leadership) dari Walikota Ridwan Kamil sangat menonjol dalam keseluruhan proses program, mulai dari inisiator, sikap turun ke lapangan, hingga pemotongan birokrasi dalam program. Walikota Ridwan Kamil berupaya memulai program dengan membangun kepercayaan (trust) masyarakatnya melalui komunikasi langsung. Inovasi utama selanjutnya yaitu adanya kolaborasi, kerjasama kuat berbagai stakeholder, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat atau komunitas secara penuh melalui komunikasi yang intensif.

Nowadays, settlements issue in Indonesia cities increasingly complex and more difficult to solve, especially the problem of slums. The local government has an important role in this regard. According to Government Regulation Number 38/2007, the affairs of the settlement are obligatory functions of local government. But in fact, the various programs of local governments in an attempt to resolve the slums often fail. This is because the approaches undertaken still rely on traditional rationality. Traditional form of rationality relies on formal hierarchy, top down and technocratic approach, rigid procedures, as well as stressing the calculation and mere physical aspect in implementing the program. Though the problem of slums is a complex and multi aspect problem, it requires innovation in the process to resolve it. Innovations in the resolving program proven that problems in slums can be completed. For example, as has been done by the Government of Bandung, especially during the Leadership of Mayor Ridwan Kamil, who has been innovating in the program to solve the problems of the slums. This success is known from their victory in Adiupaya Puritama Award of housing and residential areas in 2014. That's become the basis of this research, which raises the question what innovations made by the government of Bandung in solving the problems of slums, especially in the three programs used as the unit of observation. The three programs are: (1) infrastructure, facilities, and utilities planning program in densely populated settlements Babakan Ciamis (short program); (2) slum upgrading program in the river banks in Babakan Surabaya (medium-term program); and (3) revitalization and community apartment building which is part of "build without displacing" program in Babakan Siliwangi (long-term program). This research is important to be able to be used as a lesson about innovation slum settlement of problems that have been difficult to resolve by other local governments. Of the entire program, it can conclude the two most prominent innovations among other. First, the important role of the Mayor of Bandung, Ridwan Kamil related direct involvement in the program. In this case, the factor of leadership of Mayor Ridwan Kamil is very prominent in program overall process: the initiator of the program, attitude down to the field (bottom-up), and cutting red tape in the program. The important thing here, Mayor Ridwan Kamil attempt to start a program to build confidence and trust between communities through direct communication. The next major innovation in program is collaboration of various stakeholders and community empowerment through intensive communication.

Kata Kunci : inovasi, program, permukiman kumuh, kepemimpinan, kolaborasi, innovation, program, slums, leadership, collaboration