GAMBARAN LESI PATOLOGI DAN DISTRIBUSI VIRUS PADA AYAM PETELUR TERINFEKSI VIRUS LAPANG AVIAN INFLUENZA CLADE 2.3.2

DEWI PRATAMASARI, Prof. drh. Kurniasih, MV.Sc., Ph.D., ; Dr. drh. Yuli Purwandari K., M.P.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Kejadian Avian Influenza (AI) pada itik (clade 2.3.2) di beberapa daerah di Jawa Tengah untuk pertama kalinya diidentifikasi oleh Balai Besar Veteriner Wates pada September 2012. Kasus terbaru AI clade 2.3.2 pada itik ditemukan pada Juni 2014 di daerah Galur Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Penelitian mengenai gambaran patologi dari Avian Influenza clade 2.3.2 pada ayam komersial di Indonesia belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran lesi patologis dan penyebaran virus Avian Influenza subtipe H5N1 clade 2.3.2 pada ayam petelur yang terinfeksi secara alam. Sebanyak 4 ekor ayam petelur dari dua peternakan komersial di Sleman DIY dan Kediri Jawa Timur dilakukan pengujian patologi setelah diperoleh hasil isolasi virus dan realtime RTPCR positif AI clade 2.3.2. Pengujian patologi anatomi dilakukan dengan nekropsi/bedah bangkai dan sampel organ otak, trakea, paru, jantung, hati, intestinum dibuat preparat histopatologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (H&E) dan pewarnaan Imunohistokimia (IHK) terhadap antibodi virus AI H5. Isolasi virus dari organ otak, trakea, paru dilakukan dengan inokulasi pada membran korio-alantois telur berembrio. Identifikasi virus AI menggunakan uji hemaglutinasi dan hambatan aglutinasi sel darah merah (uji HA dan HI). Uji molekuler untuk diferensiasi clade AI digunakan uji Real time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (rtRT-PCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit avian influenza clade 2.3.2 telah menginfeksi ayam petelur dengan gambaran histopatologi berupa radang ensefalitis, hepatitis, splenitis, enteritis, kongesti paru dan jantung. Penyebaran virus ditunjukkan oleh pewarnaan IHK dengan adanya reaksi positif terhadap antibodi AI H5 pada organ otak, hati, ginjal, limpa, intestinum, jantung dan paru.

The case of Avian Influenza (AI) in duck ( clade 2.3.2) in certain region in central java, was first identified by Veterinary Disease Center, Wates in September 2012. The recent case of AI clade 2.3.2 in duck was found in June 2014 at Galur, Kulon Progo. Research on pathological overview of Avian Influenza clade 2.3.2 in commercial farm in Indonesia was never done before. This research aims to give further knowledge about pathological lession overview and distribution of virus in commercial layer farm which had been infected with Avian Influenza clade 2.3.2 field virus. Four samples of laying hens from 2 local commercial farm in Sleman, DIY, and Kediri, East Java, were pathologically tested after the result from virus isolation and real time RT-PCR showed positive results of AI clade 2.3.2. Pathology anatomy test were performed with necropsion and brain, trachea, lungs, heart, and liver were taken for histopathology examination with Haemotoxillin-Eosin (HE) staining and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain to AI H5 virus antibody. Virus isolation from brain, trachea, and lungs were perfomed by inoculationg to chorioalantois membrane in embryonic egg. Avian Influenza virus identification were performed with haemaglutination test and red blood cell agultination inhibition (HA and HI test). Molecular test to differentiate clade 2.3.2 were perfomed with Real time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (rtRT-PCR). The research showed that Avian Influenza clade 2.3.2 had infected laying hens with some histopathology changes. The infection include encephalitis, hepatitis, spleenitis, enteritis, heart and lungs congestion. The distribution of the virus were showed with IHC stain which showed postive reaction to AI H5 antibody in brain, liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, heart and lungs.

Kata Kunci : Avian Influenza, clade 2.3.2, ayam petelur, histopatologi, IHK, Avian Influenza, clade 2.3.2, laying hens, histopathology, IHC