The Enforcement of the International Court of Justice's Judgments by the Security Council (Case Study: Whaling in the Antarctic)

SAIFA NUGRAHANI BS, Prof. Dr. Sigit Riyanto, S.H., LL.M.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum

Pernyataan Jepang untuk tidak mematuhi putusan Mahkamah Internasional dalam kasus Whaling in the Antarctic menimbulkan pertanyaan bagi para Negara Anggota International Whaling Commission. Hal ini memicu pertanyaan seputar dapat ditegakkan atau tidaknya putusan-putusan pengadilan internasional karena mekanisme penegakan putusan di tingkat nasional dan internasional berbeda. Tesis ini menekankan pada penjabaran mekanisme penegakan pengadilan internasional terutama di Mahkamah Internasional oleh Dewan Keamanan, dan menjabarkannya lagi dengan kasus Whaling in the Antarctic. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian hukum ini adalah metode penelitian normatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan konvensi-konvensi internasional sebagai sumber hukum primer. Sedangkan buku-buku, jurnal-jurnal, dan sumber dari internet digunakan sebagai sumber hukum sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penegakan putusan-putusan Mahkamah Internasional didasarkan pada Pasal 94 ayat 2 Piagam PBB and terdiri dari beberapa tindakan seperti yang tersiratkan di dalam bunyi ayat yaitu membuat Rekomendasi dan menentukan tindakan yang akan diambil untuk memberi efek pada putusan Mahkamah Internasional. Pada kasus dimana Dewan Keamanan tidak dapat menegakan putusan, organ-organ lain di PBB juga dapat menegakkan putusan Mahkamah Internasional. Terdapat juga dasar yang menentukan dapat atau tidaknya Dewan Keamanan menegakkan putusan Mahakamah Internasional yakni, kelampauan yurisdiksi, kesalahan yang bersifat essensial maupun manifes, penipuan, tidak adanya putusan yang berdasar, dan dasar lain untuk ketidakpatuhan. Kata Kunci: Mahkamah Internasional, Dewan Keamanan, Penegakan, Putusan

Japan statement in refusing to comply with the judgment of the International Court of Justice in the Whaling in the Antarctic case has made members of the International Whaling Commission raised their eyebrows. It then stimulated several questions regarding the applicability of the international courts judicial decision since enforcement mechanisms in the national level and the international level were quite different. This Thesis focused on elaborating the enforcement mechanism in the international courts especially in the International Court of Justice by one of its organ, the Security Council, and elaborating it with the Whaling in the Antarctic case. The method used in this research was normative method. The research was mainly conducted in the library by using international conventions as the primary legal sources. Books, journals, and internet research was used as the secondary legal sources. The result of this research was that the enforcement of the International Court of Justice�s judgments is based on the Article 94(2) of the UN Charter and it consists of several other measures that can be implied by the article which are making recommendations and deciding upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment. In the event the Security Council cannot enforce the judgment, other organs in the United Nations such as the International Court of Justice and General Assembly can be the alternatives. There is also a basis that determine whether or not the Security Council can enforce the judgment of the International Court of Justice which are; excess of jurisdiction, essential or manifest error, fraud, absence of reasoned judgment, and other grounds for non-compliance.

Kata Kunci : International Court of Justice, Security Council, Enforcement, Judgment