PENGELOLAAN WISATA DI KAWASAN RAWAN BENCANA ERUPSI GUNUNGAPI KELUD

GALIH ARIES S, Prof. Dr. Rer.nat Junun Sartohadi, M.Sc;Dr. Danang Sri Hadmoko, S.Si., M.Sc.

2015 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN BENCANA

Gunungapi Kelud merupakan salah satu Gunungapi aktif di Pulau Jawa yang dimanfaatkan sebagai daerah tujuan wisata. Pemerintah Kabupaten Kediri terus berupaya melakukan pengembangan di Kawasan Gunungapi Kelud yang terfokus pada Kawasan Rawan Bencana III untuk meningkatkan tingkat kunjungan wisatawan. Erupsi Gunungapi Kelud tahun 2014 menyebabkan aktifitas di kawasan wisata Gunungapi Kelud harus berhenti untuk sementara waktu sehingga perlu strategi perencanaan dan pengelolaan yang tanggap terhadap bencana dalam pengembangan pariwisata di kawasan gunungapi Kelud. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi dampak erupsi Gunungapi Kelud 2014 terhadap sektor pariwisata, menilai tingkat kerentanan elemen berisiko di kawasan wisata, menganalisis keberlanjutan objek wisata, dan merumuskan strategi pengembangan dan pengelolaan berbasis pengurangan risiko bencana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan observasi lapangan, wawancara dan FGD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan bangunan wisata akibat erupsi Gunungapi Kelud menunjukkan bahwa jarak bangunan terhadap kawah berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kerusakan yang terjadi. Tingkat kerusakan terparah terjadi pada bangunan yang berada semakin dekat dengan kawah Gunungapi Kelud. Kerentanan fisik yang utama di kawasan wisata Gunungapi berkaitan dengan aspek material atap akibat jatuhan material piroklastik. Sebagian besar pelaku wisata memiliki tingkat kerentanan sosial dan ekonomi sedang dengan faktor utama yang berpengaruh yaitu pendapatan. Keberlanjutan wisata Gunungapi Kelud pascaerupsi terjamin yang dibuktikan semakin tingginya jumlah kawasan wisata di area tersebut, Nilai kerusakan dan kerugian akan pulih dalam waktu ±3 tahun.

Kelud volcano is one of the most active volcano in Java Island, which utilized as tourism destination. Improvement of number of visits gives a big contribution for regional revenue of Kediri District. Therefore, the government of Kediri continues to develop the tourism that focuses on Disaster Prone Area III. Nevertheless, the tourism development in this area will increase the potential losses when the eruption happens. The 2014 eruption of Kelud has destroyed the facilities in the area so tourism activity is suspended. This fact could be a representation that tourism development of Kelud Volcano is less attention to planning and management which integrate disaster mitigation. The aim of this research are identify impact of 2014 Kelud Volcano eruption to tourism sector, assess the vulnerability of element of risk to Kelud Volcano eruption, analyze sustainability of Kelud Volcano as tourism object to natural condition change after eruption, and formulate strategy for tourism development and management in volcanic disaster prone area based on disaster risk reduction concept. Data in this research was collected by field observation, interview, and focus group discussion. Data analysis techniques which used is spatial analysis, quantitative data analysis by scoring and descriptive analysis. Analysis of eruption impact was done by quantification of the impact, vulnerability of element of risk was analyzed by scoring of its component. The sustainability of tourism was analyzed by calculation of physical and ecological carrying capacity. Tourism development strategy was identified by descriptive analysis of FGD result. The result shows that distance between building and the crater affect the level of damage. The most severe damage occurs in area which very closed to the Kelud Volcano crater. Physical vulnerability of the tourism building mainly caused by the roof material which is not too resilience to the pyroclastic fall. Most of the tourism actor have a moderate level of social and economic vulnerability which mainly affected by income factor. The sustainability of tourism activity post 2014 eruption is quite good. It can be viewed from the number of visitation which increase. The amount of damage and loss can be recovered in approximately 3 years.

Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan wisata, kawasan rawan bencana, erupsi Gunungapi Kelud