EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK AIR PURWACENG (Pimpinella alpina) PADA AKTIVITAS ANTIPROLIFERASI SEL KANKER PARU A549

AYUNDA DEWI J J P, dr. E. Henny H, M.Si, Ph.D, Sp.PK; DR. dr. Setyo P, Sp.PD, M.Kes

2015 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Kanker paru merupakan non communicable disease yang insidensi dan angka mortalitas tertinggi di dunia. Kemoterapi kanker selama ini memiliki efek samping yang mematikan sel sehat. Kemoterapi alternatif dengan efek samping yang rendah dibutuhkan untuk menekan proliferasi melalui jalur gen penyupresi tumor seperti p53 dan Rb. Tanaman herbal Pimpinella alpina dengan kandungan zat aktif kumarin dan alkaloid berpotensi untuk menghambat proliferasi sel kanker paru A549. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efek antiproliferasi dan jalur ekspresi gen p53 dan Rb pada ekstrak air Pimpinella alpina terhadap sel kanker paru A549 Metode: Penelitian eksperimental murni dengan metode post test only with control group design dengan sampel kultur sel kanker paru A549 dan ekstrak air Pimpinella alpina (1-6000 µg/ml) dan kontrol positif Cisplatin (1-500 µg/ml). Uji sitostatik dilakukan terhadap sel kanker paru A549 yang telah diinkubasi 24 jam menggunakan larutan uji dan kontrol lalu dibaca absorbansinya setelah pewarnaan dengan MTT. Uji antiproliferasi dilakukan dengan inkubasi pada variasi waktu 24, 48 dan 72 jam lalu ditambah MTT dan dilihat persentase kehidupan sel kanker paru A549. Uji ekspresi gen jalur penghambatan pertumbuhan menggunakan pewarnaan imunohistokimia antibodi p53 dan Rb. Hasil Penelitian: Ekstrak air Pimpinella alpina memiliki efek antiproliferasi dengan IC50 sebesar 2.605,785 μg/mL mampu menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker paru A549 pada konsentrasi 550 µg/ml pada jam ke 24, 48 dan 72 secara signifikan. Efek antiproliferasi dari ekstrak air Pimpinella alpina ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi 2250 μg/mL melalui peningkatan ekspresi gen P53 sebesar 3,57% , namun belum ada cukup bukti efek ekstrak air Pimpinella alpina terhadap ekspresi gen Rb dalam menghambat proliferasi sel kanker paru A549. Kesimpulan: Pimpinella alpine memiliki efek antiproliferasi terhadap sel kanker paru A549 dan meningkatkan ekspresi gen p53 sebesar 3,57%, tetapi belum cukup bukti efeknya terhadap ekspresi Rb dalam menghambat proliferasi sel kanker paru A549. Kata kunci: Kanker paru, Pimpinella alpina, Sitostatik, Antiproliferasi

Background: Lung cancer is an non communicable disease which has high incidence and mortality rate among another cancer around the world. Conventional chemotherapy has many high undesirable side effect which make living cells death. Alternative chemotherapy agents with low side effect is needed to inhibit proliferation by tumor suppressor genes pathway such as p53 and Rb. Herbal plant Pimpinella alpina has an active compound Coumarin and alkaloid which potentially to inhibit proliferation lung cancer cell line A549. Objective: to find out antiproliferative effect and p53 and Rb gene expression pathway of water extract Pimpinella alpina towards lung cancer cell line A549. Method: The study is purely experimental ,post test only with control group design which use sample lung cancer cell line A549 and water extract Pimpinella alpina (1-6000 µg/ml)and positive control Cisplatin (1-500 µg/ml).Cytostatic test of lung cancer cell line A549 has been incubated 24 hours using test solvent and positive control then stained using MTT to show percentage of cell living. Antiproliferation test is incubated in various time 24, 48, and 72 hours then stained by MTT to show cell living percentage of lung cancer cell line A549. Gen expression test on growth inhibition pathway using immunohistochemistry staining antibody p53 and Rb. Result: Water extract Pimpinella alpina has an antiproliferative effect with IC50 2.605,785 μg/mL could inhibit cell growth of lung cancer cell line A549 on concentration 550 µg/ml towards 24 , 48, and 72 hours significantly. Antiproliferative effect of water extract Pimpinella alpina is shown on concentration 2250 μg/mL by the increasing of p53 expression in the amount of 3,57% but it has not proven yet the effect of water extract of Pimpinella alpina toward Rb expression to inhibit lung cancer cell line A549 proliferation Conclusion: Pimpinella alpina has an antiproliferative effect by inhibit the cell growth on 24, 48, and 72 hours and by the increasing on p53 expression but it has not proven yet the effect of water extract of Pimpinella alpina toward Rb expression to inhibit lung cancer cell line A549 proliferation. Keywords: Lung cancer, Pimpinella alpina, Cytostatic, Antiproliferative

Kata Kunci : Kanker paru, Pimpinella alpina, Sitostatik, Antiproliferasi/ Lung cancer, Pimpinella alpina, Cytostatic, Antiproliferative