PENGARUH PERBEDAAN JENIS SERBUK KAYU SEBAGAI MEDIA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MISELIUM JAMUR KUPING (Auricularia polytricha) DAN JAMUR LINGZHI (Ganoderma lucidium)

YUSTIKA AMI MEIRISTA, Dr.Denny Irawati, S.Hut, M.Si

2015 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Di Indonesia, pembudidayaan jamur kuping dan lingzhi biasanya menggunakan media dari serbuk gergaji kayu sengon. Sejauh ini belum banyak informasi mengenai jenis kayu lainnya yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan jamur kuping dan lingzhi. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai penggunaan berbagai jenis serbuk kayu sebagai media pertumbuhan jamur kuping dan lingzhi agar terdapat alternatif media sehingga produktifitas jamur tersebut bertambah. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 jenis kayu sebagai media yaitu kayu gamal (Gliricidia sepium), johar (Senna siamea), lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), dan akasia auri (Acacia auriculiformis). Keempat jenis kayu tersebut kemudian dibuat menjadi media dengan ditambahkan 12,5% (b/b) bekatul dan 6% (b/b) CaCO3, serta aquades hingga kadar air medianya menjadi 70%. Kemudian media dimasukkan ke cawan petri (D=90 mm), diinokulasi jamur kuping dan lingzhi dan diukur kecepatan pertumbuhan miseliumnya setiap 2 hari dan kadar glukosaminnya setelah 50 hari inkubasi. Selain itu juga dilakukan analisis kimia untuk masing-masing jenis media kayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kayu yang berbeda menghasilkan media dengan komponen kimia yang berbeda, kecuali kadar lignin terlarut asam. Rerata kecepatan pertumbuhan miselium tertinggi terdapat pada jamur kuping pada media yang terbuat dari kayu lamtoro dan akasia auri (2,87 dan 2,86 mm/hari). Kadar glukosamin tertinggi terdapat pada jamur kuping pada media yang terbuat dari kayu gamal (82,28 Ug/g), johar (79,65 Ug/g), dan lamtoro (66,71Ug/g), serta jamur lingzhi pada media yang terbuat dari kayu johar (67,51Ug/g). Terdapat korelasi positif antara kadar holoselulosa media dengan kecepatan pertumbuhan miselium jamur kuping, serta korelasi negatif antara kadar alfa selulosa media dengan kadar glukosamin jamur lingzhi

In Indonesia, cultivation of wood ear mushroom and lingzhi mushroom typically uses media from sengon (Falcataria sp.) wood sawdust. Recently, information about the other wood species which is suitable for the growth wood ear mushroom and lingzhi mushroom has not been much known. Therefore, this research used various species of wood sawdust as a media for the growth of wood ear mushroom and lingzhi mushroom as alternative media in order to increase the productivity. The materials used in this research were four species of wood as a media, i.e. gamal (Gliricidia sepium), johar (Senna siamea), lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), and akasia auri (Acacia auriculiformis). The sawdust were made into media by adding 12.5% (w / w) of rice bran, 6% (w / w) CaCO3, and distilled water until the water content of the media reached 70%. The media were put in to the petridish (D=90 mm), and were inoculated with wood ear mushroom and lingzhi mushroom. Mycelia growth length were measured every 2 days and glucosamine content were examined after 50 days of incubation. Chemical analysis for each media species of wood was also conducted. The results of this research showed that different species wood sawdust produced media with different chemical contents, except the acid soluble lignin content. The highest averages of length mycelia growth were showed in the wood ear mushroom in the media which made of lamtoro (2,87 mm/day) and akasia auri (2,86 mm/day), while the highest glucosamine content was found on ear mushroom in the media which made of gamal (82,28 Ug/g), johar (79,65Ug/g), and lamtoro (66,71�Ug/g). Whereas the lingzhi mushroom, the highest glucosamine content were found in media made from johar wood sawdust. The statistical analysis showed the positive correlation between the holocellulose content of media and wood ear mushrooms mycelia growth, as well as a negative correlation between lingzhis content glucosamine and alfa cellulose content of the media.

Kata Kunci : Jamur kuping; jamur lingzhi; kecepatan pertumbuhan miselium; kadar glukosamin; komponen kimia media