KAJIAN KAPASITAS MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN EROSI PANTAI DI KECAMATAN KRAGAN KABUPATEN REMBANG

NUR HAMID, Dr.Luthfi Muta'ali,S.Si.,MSP;Dr.Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron,M.Sc

2015 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN BENCANA

Bencana erosi pantai Kabupaten Rembang tercatat tahun 2003-2014 mengakibatkan kerugian yang besar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pesisir Kecamatan Kragan karena sering mengalami erosi pantai. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji kapasitas masyarakat, dan menjelaskan hubungan antara kapasitas pengetahuan lokal dengan kapasitas bertahan dalam menghadapi ancaman erosi pantai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode penelitian survei dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengambilan sampel rumah tangga menggunakan systematic random sampling. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu variabel penentu erosi atau akresi pantai, kapasitas pengetahuan lokal, dan kapasitas bertahan. Metode analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif dengan uji Contingency Coefficient, Spearman's Correlation dan penjabaran data hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pesisir Sumurtawang dan Kragan mengalami erosi pantai. Pesisir Pandangan Wetan, Balongmulyo, dan Tanjungan bersifat stabil. Hal ini disebabkan dibangunnya pelabuhan kecil di Desa Karanganyar yang berdampak pada wilayah sekitarnya, adanya masyarakat yang mengambil pasir ilegal. Kapasitas pengetahuan lokal tergolong tinggi karena tingginya kearifan lokal, persepsi dan sikap masyarakat dalam menangani erosi pantai. Kapasitas bertahan juga tergolong tinggi karena tingginya nilai modal manusia, sosial, finansial, natural, dan fisik. Hasil uji Contingency Coefficient dan Spearman's Correlation menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara kapasitas pengetahuan lokal dan kapasitas bertahan, artinya semakin tinggi kapasitas pengetahuan lokal maka semakin tinggi kapasitas bertahan, tetapi kapasitas pengetahuan lokal tidak begitu berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas bertahan. Hubungan kapasitas tersebut dilakukan penanganan prioritas I yaitu masyarakat yang memiliki kapasitas rendah, prioritas II yaitu masyarakat yang memiliki kapasitas sedang, dan prioritas III yaitu masyarakat yang memiliki kapasitas tinggi.

Shore erosion in Rembang Regency recorded in 2003-2014 resulted in large losses. This research was conducted in Kragan District because of more frequent shore erosion. The purpose of this research is to assess capacity of the community, and explaining the relationship between indigenous knowledge and coping strategies capacity in dealing with the threat of shore erosion. The method of the research was survey method with quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive analysis. Determination of the households sampling used systematic random sampling. The variables were the variable determining shore erosion or shore accretion, indigenous knowledge capacity, and coping strategies capacity. Methods of the data analysis used quantitative and qualitative descriptive with Contingency Coefficient test, Spearman's Correlation test and the elaboration of data obtained from interview. The results of the research show that the coastal area of Sumurtawang and Kragan eroded, while the coastal area of Pandangan Wetan, Balongmulyo, and Tanjungan were stable. This was due to the construction of a small harbor in the village of Karanganyar the impact on the surrounding area, and the people who still take the sand illegally. Indigenous knowledge capacity was high because of the factor of local knowledge, perceptions and attitudes in dealing with shore erosion. Coping strategy capacity was also high due to the high value of human capital, social, financial, natural, and physical. The results of Contingency Coefficient and Spearman's Correlation test indicate that there were correlation between indigenous knowledge capacity and coping strategies capacity, that means that the higher indigenous knowledge capacity, the higher coping strategies capacity, but indigenous knowledge capacity was not so influential on coping strategies capacity. Relationship of community capacity can be handled with priority I is the people who have a low capacity, priority II is the people who have a moderate capacity, and priority III is the people who have a high capacity.

Kata Kunci : Erosi Pantai,Pengetahuan Lokal,Strategi Bertahan