EFEKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN BIOGAS UNTUK MENUNJANG KETAHANAN ENERGI (Studi Di Desa Pendoworejo Kecamatan Girimulyo Kabupaten Kulon Progo Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)

DYAH SRI PALUPI, Prof. Dr. H.A. Sudibyakto, M.S.; Subejo, M.Sc, Ph.D

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional

Krisis energi mengancam Indonesia. Salah satu solusi yaitu pengembangan energi terbaharukan. Sumber daya pertanian dan peternakan Indonesia cukup besar. Sumber daya tersebut untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan berpotensi sebagai sumber energi dengan memanfaatkan kotoran ternak menjadi biogas. Desa Pendoworejo, Kulon Progo mengembangkan biogas sebagai energi alternatif. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat efektivitas pemanfaatan biogas dan mengkaji hubungan efektivitas pemanfaatan biogas di Desa Pendoworejo dengan ketahanan energi Metode penelitian yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Jumlah biodigester 183 unit. Penentuan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah informan 55 orang yaitu peternak, pengurus kelompok tani atau gabungan kelompok tani, tokoh masyarakat, penyuluh, kepala desa, kepala dukuh, dan instansi pemerintah terkait. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi studi kepustakaan, observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian yaitu 30,26% biodigester berfungsi dan 69,77% rusak. Penilaian efektivitas meliputi kontinuitas pemanfaatan dan ketersediaan, pemanfaatan atau fungsi, pemenuhan kebutuhan biogas. Efektivitas kontinuitas yaitu harian rendah (25,58%), kadang-kadang sangat rendah (4,65%) dan rusak cukup (69,77%). Efektivitas biodigester untuk memasak tinggi (86,82%), genset (3,1%) dan lainnya (10,08%) termasuk sangat rendah. Efektivitas pemenuhan kebutuhan biogas yaitu yang memenuhi kebutuhan sangat rendah (9,3%), sebagian rendah (20,93%), dan tidak memenuhi cukup (69,77%). Efektivitas pemanfaatan biogas di Desa Pendoworejo termasuk rendah. Jumlah KK di Desa Pendoworejo yaitu 1.951 dan jumlah KK yang memiliki biodigester yaitu 183 (9,38 %). Desa Pendoworejo diharapkan menjadi Desa Mandiri Energi, namun sumber energi dari biogas belum mencapai lebih dari 60%. Efektivitas pemanfaatan biogas di Desa Pendoworejo belum mampu menunjang ketahanan energi. Pemanfaatan biogas di Desa Pendoworejo dapat ditingkatkan dengan membentuk tim pengelola biogas, memotivasi masyarakat melalui penyuluhan dan pertemuan kelompok, gotong royong untuk memperbaiki biodigester, mengelola limbah biogas untuk pupuk padat dan cair, menyediakan kredit lunak untuk membeli sapi, membuat kompor sederhana, membangun biodigester berkualitas dan fasilitas pendukung perbaikan sarana dan prasarana.

Crises of energy threatened Indonesia. One of the solutions is to develop the renewable energy. Resources of farming and cattle breeding are huge in number in Indonesia. They can fulfill the need of food and utilize the cattle's dung to be biogas as energy resources. Pendoworejo village, Kulon Progo develops the biogas as alternative energy. The purposes of the research are to analyze the effectiveness of biogas utilization and examine the connection of that utilization with energy resilience at Pendoworejo. The research method which was used in the study focused on qualitative descriptive analysis approach. Total amount the biodigesters were 183 units. Purposive sampling technique was used to determine the samples. The total amount of informants were 55 people consisting of farmers, the board of farmers groups or farmer group association, community's leaders, agricultural extension, head of villages and the government in relation with biogas. Data collection techniques included literature studies, observation, interviews, and documents studies. The results of the research are 30.26% able to use and 69.77% the others unable to use. The evaluation of biogas effectiveness included continuity of the using, utilization or function and providing the needs. The continuity of effectiveness in utilizations are for daily using low (25.58%), sometimes in using very low (4.65%) and not at all enough (69.77%). The effectiveness of biodigester utilization or function is for cooking high (86.82%), for the generator set (3.1%) and others (10.08%) very low. The effectiveness for providing the needs are providing all needs very low (9.3%), part of the needs low (20.93%) and not at all enough (69.77%). The effectiveness of biogas utilization at Pendoworejo village for energy resilience is at low level. There are 1,951 families at Pendoworejo village and they who have biodigester are 183 families (9.38%). The expectation in the next the Pendoworejo village will be self-supporting in energy, but the energy resources of biogas at the village have not reached more than 60% of total required energy. The effectiveness of biogas utilization at Pendoworejo village currently is not being able to support the energy resilience yet. Utilization of biogas at Pendoworejo village can be increased by forming managerial team, motivating the community through extension and the group meeting, mutual cooperation's group for repairing the biodigester, managing the biogas sludge to make solid and liquid fertilizer, providing cheap credit for buying cattle, making simple stove, building the better quality biodigester and supporting facility infrastructure rehabilitation.

Kata Kunci : Efektivitas, Biogas, Ketahanan Energi, Kulon Progo, Effectiveness, Biogas, Energy Resilience, Kulon Progo