Pemanfaatan Fitobiotik dalam Pakan terhadap Kinerja Pertumbuhan dan Tingkat Efisiensi Pakan Ayam Broiler yang terserang Penyakit Marek

PUPUT RAHAYU, Dr. Nanung Danar Dono, S.Pt., MP., Ph.D.; Dr. Ir. Supadmo, MS.

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan fitobiotik tepung bawang putih (TBP) dan jintan hitam (TJH) pada pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan serta tingkat efisiensi pakan ayam broiler yang terserang wabah penyakit Marek. Seratus ekor ayam broiler jantan strain New Lohmann dibagi secara acak ke dalam 5 macam perlakuan pakan menurut desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola searah. Pakan penelitian terdiri dari pakan basal tanpa penambahan fitobiotik (kontrol; P1); pakan basal dengan penambahan 10,0 g/kg TBP (P2); pakan basal dengan penambahan 10,0 g/kg TJH (P3); pakan basal dengan penambahan 10,0 g/kg TBP dan 10,0 g/kg TJH (P4); dan pakan basal dengan penambahan 5,0 g/kg TBP dan 5,0 g/kg TJH (P5). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali, masing-masing dengan 4 ekor ayam di setiap kandang. Kinerja pertumbuhan dihitung dengan mengukur bobot badan ayam dan jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi, berbasis pada 35 hari masa pemeliharaan. Penambahan fitobiotik TBP dan TJH, secara individu maupun kombinasi, tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan maupun tingkat efisiensi pakan ayam broiler yang terserang penyakit Marek. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung bawang putih maupun jintan hitam hingga level 10,0 g/kg dalam pakan tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan tingkat efisiensi pakan ayam broiler yang terserang penyakit Marek, sedangkan P4 menunjukkan kecenderungan dalam meningkatkan bobot badan ayam broiler umur 10 hari.

This study was conducted to review the effects of dietary garlic and black seed meal on growth performance and feed efficiency of broiler chickens that affected with Marek�s disease outbreak. One hundred male New Lohmann broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatments based on Complete Randomized Design. The treatments were a corn-soybean meal based diet without phytobiotic supplementation (control diet, P1); control diet with 10.0 g/kg garlic meal supplementation (P2); control diet with 10.0 g/kg black seed meal supplementation (P3); control diet with 10.0 g/kg garlic meal and 10.0 g/kg black seed meal supplementation (P4); and control diet with 5.0 g/kg garlic meal and 5.0 g/kg black seed supplementation (P5). Each treatment was replicated 5 times, with 4 chicks in each pen. Growth performance was determined by measuring body weight gain and feed intake based on 35 days period. Results showed that supplementation of garlic meal or black seed meal with the rates of 10.0 g/kg, individually or combination, did not influence the growth performance nor feed efficiency when the birds were affected with Marek�s disease. Feed intake, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, as well as energy efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio of the birds fed diets containing both additives were not different with those of the birds fed control diet. It might be concluded that dietary supplementation of garlic meal or black seed meal did not give any significant effect on growth performance and feed efficiency ratio of broiler chicken when affected with Marek�s disease, while P4 showed tendency in increasing body weight gain of 10 days old broiler chicken.

Kata Kunci : Ayam broiler, Tepung bawang putih, Tepung jintan hitam, Penyakit Marek, Kinerja pertumbuhan, Efisiensi pakan