PENGARUH Lactobacillus acidophilus DAN TEPUNG KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiacal forma typical) TERHADAP KUALITAS KEFIR SUSU KAMBING

DWITIYA MARTHARINI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Indrtinigsih, SU.; Endang Wahyuni, S.Pt., M.Biotech

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung kulit pisang dan Lactobacillus acidophilus terhadap kualitas kefir susu kambing. Kefir dibuat dari susu kambing dengan kefir grain 3% (w/v) dan Lactobacillus acidophilus (0; 1 dan 3 % (v/v)) serta tepung kulit pisang (0; 1 dan 2 % (w/v)). Semua perlakuan diinkubasi pada suhu ruang selama 10 jam, hingga pH turun menjadi 4,2 sampai 4,6. Uji kualitas kefir yang diamati yaitu total bakteri asam laktat, viabilitas probiotik, total yeast, keasaman, pH, kadar laktosa, kadar lemak, profil asam asam lemak, serat pangan, kadar alkohol, dan uji organoleptik. Data dianalisis dengan analisis variansi pola faktorial 3x3, dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data hasil organoleptik dianalisis dengan analisis non parametrik Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Lactobacillus acidophilus berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan pH, kadar alkohol, asam lemak kaproat, asam lemak kaprilat dan peningkatan keasaman, asam lemak kaprat, asam lemak oleat, asam lemak linoleat, bakteri asam laktat serta viabilitas probiotik. Tepung kulit pisang berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan asam lemak kaprilat, asam lemak linoleat, kadar alkohol dan bakteri asam laktat. Kefir memiliki rerata total bakteri asam laktat yakni 9,51 log cfu/ ml; viabilitas probiotik 8,65 log cfu/ml; total yeast 6,13 log cfu/ml; keasaman 0,96%; pH 4,85; laktosa 3,14%; kadar lemak 5,33%; total serat pangan 10,49%; dan kadar alkohol 0,096%. Penambahan Lactobacillus acidophilus dan tepung kulit pisang berpengaruh nyata terhadap aroma, rasa asam, alkoholis dan daya terima, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tekstur. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas kefir semua perlakuan memenuhi standar komposisi kefir menurut Standar Codex 234-2003 dan kefir dengan penambahan Lactobacillus acidophilus 3% dan tepung kulit pisang 1% dapat diterima panelis.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of plantain peel flour and Lactobacillus acidophilus on the quality of goat milk kefir. Kefir was made from goat's milk with 3% of kefir grain (w/v) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (0; 1 and 3% (v/v)) and plantain peel flour (0; 1 and 2% (w/v)). All treatments were incubated at room temperature for 10 hours, till the pH dropped to 4.2 and 4.6. Evaluation performed included total of lactic acid bacteria, probiotics viability, total yeast, acidity, pH, lactose content, fat content, fatty acid profiles, dietary fiber, alcohol content, and organoleptic tests. Data were analyzed using 3x3 factorial analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Organoleptic data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis nonparametric analysis. The research result showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus had a significant different on a decreasity of pH, alcohol content, caproic fatty acids, caprylic fatty acids and an increasing of acidity, capric fatty acids, oleic fatty acids, linoleic fatty acids, lactic acid bacteria and probiotic viability. Plantain peel flour had a significant different to increase caprylic fatty acids, linoleic fatty acids, alcohol content, and total lactid acid bacteria. Kefir had 9.51 log cfu/ml of lactic acid bacteria total; 8.65 log cfu/ml of probiotic viability; 6.13 log cfu/ml of total yeast; 0.96% of acidity; 4.85 of pH; 3.14% of lactose content; 5.33% of fat content; 10.49% of dietary fiber; and 0.096% of alcohol content. The addition Lactobacillus acidophilus and plantain peel flour showed significant different on aroma, sourness, effervescence and acceptability but there was not significant different on texture. Research could be concluded that kefir quality for all treatments kefir according to Codex Standard 234-2003 and kefir with 3% addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus 3% and 1% of plantain peel flour were accepted by all panelists.

Kata Kunci : Susu kambing, Kefir, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Tepung kulit pisang, Kualitas kefir.