VARIASI PROPORSI SEL DAN DIMENSI SERAT KAYU JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb.) PADA ARAH AKSIAL DAN RADIAL DARI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

FILAR ADITIYA PRASETYO, Harry Praptoyo, S.Hut.,M.P

2015 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Luas hutan di Indonesia terus menurun dan berdampak pada menurunnya produktifitas hasil hutan kayu. Sementara kebutuhan kayu sebagai bahan baku industri perkayuan terus meningkat. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan baku industri perkayuan, dilakukan penanaman tanaman fast growing species di hutan negara dan hutan rakyat. Hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Banyumas banyak ditanami tanaman jabon, tetapi penelitian mengenai anatomi kayunya belum banyak dilakukan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penelitian mengenai sifat anatomi kayu jabon agar penggunaan kayunya dapat optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi proporsi sel dan dimensi serat kayu jabon pada kedudukan aksial dan radial. Penelitian ini menggunakan model rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor yaitu arah aksial dari pangkal, tengah dan ujung batang serta arah radial dari dekat hati, tengah dan dekat kulit dengan tiga kali ulangan pada masingmasing faktor. Parameter yang diamati meliputi ciri makroskopis dan mikroskopis kayu jabon dengan parameter uji meliputi proporsi sel (jari-jari, pembuluh, serabut, dan parenkim) dan dimensi serat (panjang serat, diameter serat, diameter lumen dan tebal dinding serat). Hasil parameter uji selanjutnya dianalisis variasinya dengan menggunakan program statistik SPSS. Sifat anatomi kayu jabon berdasarkan hasil penelitian adalah tidak terlihat adanya lingkaran tahun, pembuluh tunggal dan ganda radial dengan rata-rata 10 /mm2. Jari-jari berseri satu, dua dan tiga dengan tinggi 434,69um. Persebaran parenkim difus berkelompok, arah serat lurus dan tidak terdapat saluran damar. Rata-rata proporsi sel jari-jari, pembuluh, serabut dan parenkim berturut-turut 16,78%; 15,15%; 56,64% dan 11,33%. Rata-rata panjang serat, diameter serat, diameter lumen dan tebal dinding serat berturut-turut 1,20 mm; 24,03um; 19,18um dan 2,52um. Faktor arah aksial berpengaruh nyata terhadap proporsi sel pembuluh dan panjang serat, sedangkan arah radial berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang serat.

The decreased of Indonesian forest has a direct effect to forest wood productivity. Besides that, the demand of wood as industrial raw material was increasing. To fill up the demand of wood industrial raw material, planting of fast growing species trees was needed at state and community forest. Anthocephalus cadamba trees is massively planted at Banyumas Regency community forest. However the study on anatomy characteristic from this wood is rarely conducted. Therefore, the study about wood anatomical properties of Anthocephalus cadamba is needed in order to optimize the wood utilization. This study aimed to know the variation of cell proportion and fiber dimension on axial and radial direction. This study used completely randomized design with 2 factors, they were axial direction from base, in the middle and end, and radial direction from near the pith, in the middle and near the bark with 3 replications for each factor. The parameter observed were macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Anthocephalus cadamba wood with parameter tested i.e. cell proportion (ray cell, vessel, fiber and parenchyma) and fiber dimension (fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and fiber wall thickness). The result of parameters tested were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program. The anatomical properties of Anthocephalus cadamba wood based on the results are the growth ring was not appear, the arrangement of vessel was solitary and radial multiple with 10 /mm2 frequency. Ray cells had 1-3 seriates with height about 434.69um. Axial parenchyma was diffuse in aggregates, straight grain and hasnt resin canal. The proportion of ray cell, vessel, fiber and parenchyma were 16.78%; 15.15%; 56.64% and 11.33%. The fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and fiber wall thickness were 1.20 mm; 24.03um; 19.18um and 2.52um. Axial direction factor had significant effect on the value of vessel proportion and fiber length, while radial direction factor had significant effect on the value of fiber length.

Kata Kunci : jabon, arah aksial, arah radial, proporsi sel, dimensi serat