KAJIAN RISIKO DAN MITIGASI BENCANA LONGSORLAHAN DI KECAMATAN NGLIPAR, KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
AMIN NUROHMAH, Dr. Danang Sri Hadmoko, M.Sc dan Dr. Ir Luthfi Muta'ali, M.T
2015 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN BENCANAKecamatan Nglipar merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Gunungkidul yang masuk dalam kategori daerah rawan bencana longsorlahan kategori tinggi. Pada Tahun 2012-2013 akibat bencana longsorlahan di Kecamatan Nglipar menyebabkan 37 rumah rusak, 3 orang luka ringan dan 1 orang luka berat dengan kerugian mencapai Rp. 236.500.000. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menganalisis dan memetakan tingkat bahaya longsorlahan, (2) menganalisis dan memetakan tingkat kerentanan dan kapasitas masyarakat lokal, (3) menganalisis dan memetakan tingkat risiko bencana longsorlahan, serta (4) menganalisis kegiatan mitigasi bencana pada daerah bahaya bencana longsorlahan kategori tinggi di Kecamatan Nglipar, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, populasi penelitian adalah seluruh kepala keluarga pada zona bahaya longsorlahan tinggi didasarkan pada proses geomorfologi dan kondisi lahan menurut Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No 22/PRT/M/2007. Jumlah sampel penelitian adalah 118 kepala keluarga ditentukan menggunakan rumus Confidence Interval dengan tingkat kesalahan 9%. Penelitian tingkat kerentanan, kapasitas, dan risiko masyarakat dilakukan melalui survei penduduk pada daerah bahaya bencana longsorlahan kategori tinggi dengan metode Vulnerability and Capacity Assement (VCA). Penilaian selanjutnya dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan pemberian skoring menggunakan software SPSS dan dilakukan teknis analisis spasial menggunakan Software ArcGIS. Metode deskriptif digunakan untuk menguraikan karakteristik daerah bahaya, kerentanan, kapasitas, risiko masyarakat dan analisis kebijakan mitigasi bencana longsorlahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebagian besar kepala rumah tangga (66,10%) berpendidikan lulus Sekolah Dasar dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama, yang mayoritas (79,66%) berprofesi sebagi petani sawah dengan penghasilan rendah. Tingkat bahaya longsorlahan terbagi menjadi tiga tingkat zona bahaya yaitu rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Zona tingkat bahaya tinggi meliputi wilayah seluas 1.757,13 ha, zona tingkat bahaya sedang seluas 3.540,09 ha, dan zona bahaya rendah memiliki luas 2.008,5 ha. Secara umum (88,14%) penduduk menempati pada tingkat kerentanan sedang dan mayoritas mempunyai kapasitas sedang (38,14%). Risiko bencana tingkat rendah (67,80%) terdapat di Desa Pilangrejo dan sebagian penduduk Desa Natah sedangkan tingkat risiko sedang (26,27%) terletak di sebagian penduduk Desa Pengkol dan Natah, dan penduduk berisiko tinggi (5,93%) adalah sebagian penduduk Desa Pengkol dan Natah. Beberapa hal yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan kegiatan mitigasi bencana di Kecamatan Nglipar adalah pola komunikasi yang diterapkan antara pemimpin lokal dengan masyarakat, kehadiran lembaga swadaya masyarakat, beroperasinya kegiatan masyarakat, seperti kelompok tani, kelompok kehutanan, kelompok sadar lingkungan serta kearifan lokal yang mendorong perhatian setiap penduduk terhadap kondisi lingkungannya.
Nglipar District is one of the districts located in Gunungkidul Regency. It is categorized as one of high susceptibility to landslides zones. Due to the landslides in 2012 to 2013, there were 37 houses damaged, minor injury of 3 people, and major injury of 1 person. Moreover, the total losses were estimated to be Rp. 236,500,000. Based on the background of the problems, the purposes of the research are 1) to analyze and to map the landslide hazard zonation level, 2) to analyze and to map the vulnerability and capacity levels of local community, 3) to analyze and to map the landslide risk levels, 4) to analyze disaster mitigation activities in the high risk landslide level zones at Nglipar District, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province. The research was categorized as a quantitative descriptive research involving all heads of families living in the high landslide hazard zones based on the geomorphology process and land condition according to the Minister of Public Work Decree no 22/PRT/M/2007. 118 heads of families were determined as the research samples using Confidence Interval formula with 9% margin of errors. The research of vulnerability, capacity, and community risk levels were conducted through population surveys in the high hazard landslide zones using Vulnerability and Capacity Assement (VCA) method. Next, the assessment was done quantitatively by data scoring using SPSS software. Additionally, a spacial analysis was done using ArcGIS Software. The descriptive method was used to outline the hazard zone characteristic, vulnerability, capacity, community risk, and landslide mitigation policy. The results of the research showed that most of the heads of families (66.10%) were elementary and junior high school graduates who worked as farmer on low incomes. The landslide hazard levels were categorized into thee zones, i.e. low, medium, and high levels. The high hazard zones covered 1.757.13 ha, the medium hazard zones covered 3.540,09 ha, and low hazard zones covered 2.008.5 ha. Generally, 88.14% citizens lived in the low vulnerability zones and majority of the citizens had medium capacity (38,24%). The communities with low risk disaster level (67.80%) were living at Pilangrejo village and partially were living at Natah village. The placed with medium risk level (26.27%) were partially located ar Pengkol and Natah villages. The high risk communities (5.93%) were partially identified as Pengkol and Natah citizens. There were some highly influencial factors in the disaster mitigation activities success at Nglipar District. Those were the communication patterns which were applied between the local leader and community, the existence of non-governmental organizations, the communities activities such as farming communities, forestry communities and environmental awareness communities, and the existence of local wisdom which encouraged the citizens awareness to the environment.
Kata Kunci : Risk, Mitigation, Landslide.
