Dinamika Posisi dan Strategi Negosiasi Indonesia dalam Perundingan Pertanian di WTO

MIRA SUKMAWATI, Dr.Poppy S. Winanti, MPP, M.Sc

2015 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Posisi Indonesia dalam perundingan WTO dapat dilihat dalam tiga koalisi yang berbeda dalam kepentingan pertanian. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa negosiasi pertanian tidak mudah diselesaikan dalam forum multilateral seperti WTO. Selama perundingan Doha, negara maju, negara berkembang dan negara kurang berkembang terbagi dalam koalisi yang berbeda. Hal ini terjadi karena mereka memiliki posisi yang saling berlawanan satu dengan yang lainnya. Bahkan, beberapa negara berkembang menemukan beberapa tindakan yang dilakukan negara maju telah melanggar aturan Perjanjian Pertanian. Perjanjian Pertanian sebenarnya ditujukan untuk mereformasi sistem perdagangan pertanian sehingga produk pertanian dapat bersaing tanpa adanya tindakan pemerintah yang dianggap mendistorsi perdagangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan dinamika posisi Indonesia dalam negosiasi pertanian. Untuk mencapai posisinya dalam negosiasi, Indonesia menggunakan strategi negosiasi untuk mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya. Setelah melakukan negosiasi di WTO, saya menemukan bahwa negara berkembang seperti Indonesia menggunakan strategi negosiasi integratif sebagai strategi negosiasi yang digunakan. Indonesia mempertimbankan adanya akses pasar yang lebih luas, penggunaan subsidi ekspor dan subsidi maju yang tepat dan adanya perlkuan khusus dan berbeda bagi negara berkembang. Strategi negosiasi integratif ini dilakukan dengan memasuki koalisi perdagangan yang berbeda, seperti Cairns Group. G-20 dan G-33.

The position of Indonesia in WTO round is seen in three different trade coalitions for agricultural interest. It shows that agricultural negotiation is not easily solved in multilateral forum, especially in WTO. During The Doha Round, developed, developing and least developed countries are divided into separate coalitions. It happens because they have their own position which is conflicting each other. Moreover, some developing countries also find some actions done by developed countries have outlawed The Agreement on Agriculture. The Agreement on Agriculture is actually a multilateral agreement designed to reform the agriculture trade system so that agricultural products can compete without any distorting efforts done by government. But many years after the implementation term, some countries find that some issues should be solved in the negotiation. Indonesia, as one of developing countries, also struggles for its own position to get the balance of this agriculture issue that has been addressed for many years. This negotiation should be made to balance the need of developing countries and developed countries, especially for fulfilling the Doha mandate in development issue. The aim of this research is to find the dynamic of Indonesia position in agriculture negotiation. In delivering its position in negotiation, Indonesia uses strategy to meet its national interest. After negotiating in agriculture sector in WTO, I find that developing country as Indonesia uses the integrative negotiation as its strategy. It considers several things such as freer market access, the appropriate use of domestic and export subsidy and special and differential treatment for developing countries. This integrative negotiation is delivered into different trade coalitions as Cairns Group, G-20 and G-33.

Kata Kunci : Keywords: Agreement on Agriculture, Economic Diplomacy, Trade Coalition, WTO, Indonesia