ANALISIS DAYA GABUNG DAN HETEROSIS DELAPAN GALUR PARIA (Momordica charantia L.) HASIL PERSILANGAN DIALEL

SUNARTO, Dr. Panjisakti Basunanda, S.P., M.P.; Dr. Ir. Nasrullah, M.Sc.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Pemuliaan Tanaman

Pengembangan kultivar hibrida pada tanaman paria diperlukan seiring meningkatnya permintaan. Informasi daya gabung umum (DGU), daya gabung khusus (DGK), dan heterosis sangat penting dalam perakitan suatu kultivar hibrida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya gabung umum (DGU), daya gabung khusus (DGK), dan heterosis delapan galur paria. Penelitian menggunakan delapan galur paria yang disilangkan berdasarkan rancangan dialel metode 1 model 1 menurut Griffing. Evaluasi F1, F1 resiprok, dan tetuanya menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan dua ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap awal bunga betina, awal panen, panjang buah, diameter buah, jumlah buah per plot, berat buah per plot, jumlah buah per tanaman, berat buah per tanaman, berat per buah, dan prosentase buah bagus. Lima genotipe tetua mempunyai DGU yang tinggi dan nyata pada beberapa karakter, yaitu P1 (jumlah buah per plot, berat buah per plot, berat buah per tanaman, dan jumlah buah per tanaman), P4 (diameter buah, berat buah per plot, berat buah per tanaman, dan berat per buah), P5 (panjang buah, berat buah per tanaman, dan berat per buah), P7 (jumlah buah per plot dan jumlah buah per tanaman), dan P8 (diameter buah, panjang buah, berat buah per plot, dan berat buah per tanaman). Kombinasi persilangan P1xP3, P1xP8, P4xP7 merupakan calon hibrida unggul yang mempunyai hasil tinggi serta nilai DGK, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, dan heterosis total yang tinggi.

In order to develop new hybrid varieties of bittergourd, which are in agreement with public demand, a set of full diallel crossings were conducted. Information about general combining abilities (GCA), specific combining abilities (SCA), and heterosis are very important. This report aimed to evaluating GCA, SCA, and heterosis value. Eight potential parent lines were crossed based on model 1 method 1 according to Griffing. The evaluation of F1, F1 reciprocal, and parents arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replication. Observations were made to characters first female flower, first harvest, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plot, weight of fruit per plot, number of fruit per plant, weight of fruit per plant, weight per fruit, and percentage of marketable fruit. The results showed that five parental lines have significant and high GCA in some characters, i.e. P1 (number of fruit per plot, weight of fruit per plot, weight of fruit per plant, and number of fruit per plant), P4 (fruit diameter, weight of fruit per plot, weight of fruit per plant, and weight per fruit), P5 (fruit length, weight of fruit per plant, and weight per fruit), P7 (number of fruit per plot and number of fruit per plant), and P8 (fruit length, fruit diameter, weight of fruit per plot, and weight of fruit per plant). Crossing combinations P1 x P3, P1 x P8, P4 x P7 are superior hybrid candidate, which high on yield, GCA, SCA, and heterosis value.

Kata Kunci : Momordica charantia, combining ability, heterosis