KESWADAYAAN PETANI DALAM ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH DI LAHAN PASIR PANTAI KABUPATEN BANTUL

ROSO WITJAKSONO, Prof. Dr. Mudiyono; Prof. Dr. Ir. Sunarru Samsi Hariadi, MS

2014 | Disertasi | S3 Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan

INTISARI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara petani bawang merah mengkonstruksi keswadayaannya dalam adopsi teknologi budidaya bawang merah di lahan pasir pantai, mengidentifikasi tingkat keswadayaan petani dalam adopsi teknologi budidaya bawang merah di lahan pasir pantai, mengidentifikasi tingkat efektivitas dukungan kelembagaan dalam proses adopsi teknologi budidaya bawang merah di lahan pasir pantai, dan menganalisis pengaruh keswadayaan petani, peranan penyuluh pertanian, peranan ketua kelompok tani, peranan kelompok tani, aktivitas petani dalam penyuluhan, aksesibilitas petani pada sumber daya, sikap, dan motivasi terhadap adopsi teknologi budidaya bawang merah di lahan pasir pantai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kombinasi pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat keswadayan petani, efektivitas kelembagaan, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi budidaya bawang merah dilahan pasir pantai. Pendekatan kualitatif difokuskan pada proses mengkonstruksi keswadayaan petani dalam adopsi teknologi budidaya bawang merah. Pengambilan sampel kecamatan, desa, dan kelompok tani dilakukan secara purposif, sedangkan sampel petani yang jumlahnya 142 orang diambil dengan teknik sensus. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan uji proporsi dan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keswadayaan petani dikonstruksi melalui lima komponen, yaitu: gagasan kreatif yang diterima sebagai ide bersama, energi sosial yang mendorong tindakan bersama, tindakan bersama untuk meningkatkan kondisi kehidupan, institusi sosial yang memfasilitasi tindakan bersama secara berkelanjutan, dan pengetahuan serta kearifan lokal yang selalu teruji. Tingkat keswadayaan petani berpengaruh langsung dan positif terhadap tingkat adopsi teknologi budidaya bawang merah di lahan pasir pantai, dan berpengaruh tidak langsung dan positif terhadap adopsi teknologi budidaya bawang merah di lahan pasir pantai melalui peranan ketua kelompok tani, aktivitas petani dalam penyuluhan pertanian, akses petani pada sumber daya, dan motivasi petani, tetapi berpengaruh tidak langsung dan negatif terhadap adopsi teknologi budidaya bawang merah di lahan pasir pantai melalui peranan penyuluh pertanian dan peranan kelompok tani.

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine how to construct the self-supporting of farmers to adoption of the technology red onion cultivation on coastal sandy land, identifying the level of self-supporting of farmers in the adoption of the technology red onion cultivation on coastal sandy land, identifying the level of effectiveness of institutional support in the adoption of the technology red onion cultivation on coastal sandy land, and analyze the influence of self-supporting of farmers, the role of agricultural extension workers, the role of farmer group chairman, the role of farmers in extension activities, farmers accessibility on resources, farmer's attitude, and farmer's motivation on adoption of the technology red onion cultivation on coastal sandy land. The research method used is a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approaches are used to determine the level of self-supporting of farmers, institutional support effectiveness, and the factors that influence on the adoption of the technology red onion cultivation on coastal sandy land. The qualitative approach is focused on the process of constructing the self-supporting of farmers in red onion cultivation technology adoption. Sampling districts, villages, and farmers' groups were chosen purposively, while samples of farmers whose numbers 142 people were taken to the census technique. The quantitative data were analyzed by proportions test and path-analysis. The research results showed that the self-supporting of farmers constructed through five components, namely: a creative idea that is accepted as an idea shared, social energy that encourages joint action, the joint action to improve the living conditions, the social institutions that facilitate the sustainability of collective action, and knowledge and local wisdom always legitimized. The level of self-supporting of farmers affect directly and positively to adoption of red onion cultivation technology in coastal sandy land, affect indirectly and positively to adoption of red onion cultivation technology in coastal sandy land through the role of chairman of the farmers' groups, the activity of farmers in agricultural extension, the accessibility of farmers to resources, and farmer's motivation, but it affect indirectly and negatively to adoption of red onion cultivation technology in coastal sandy land through the role of extension workers and the role of farmer's groups.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: keswadayaan, adopsi, bawang merah, lahan pasir, Bantul/Keywords: self-supporting, adoption, red onion, sandy land, Bantul