KAJIAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN SUNGAI ENIM DI KABUPATEN MUARA ENIM PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

KHUSNUL MUASSIROH, Dr. Langgeng Wahyu Santoso, M.Si;Dr Widiyanto,M.S.

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Kajian Pencemaran Lingkungan Perairan Sungai Enim Di Kabupaten Muara Enimprovinsi Sumatera Selatan Oleh Khusnul Muassiroh INTISARI Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sungai Enim yang terletak di Kabupaten Muara Enim, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Sungai Enim merupakan salah satu anak Sungai Musi di Kota Palembang. Sungai tersebut dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari. Sungai Enim sangat membantu aktivitas masyarakat sekitar, banyak warga yang memanfaaatkan sungai untuk dikonsumsi, mandi, mencari ikan, dan tempat wisata. Kualitas air sungai Enim semakin memburuk, yang disebabkan oleh limbah rumah tangga dan semakin banyaknya aktivitas perusahaan penambangan maupun perusahaan lainnya yang berada di hulu sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti tingkat pencemaran lingkungan pada perairan Sungai Enim, meneliti faktor-faktor atau sumber-sumber yang menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan pada perairan Sungai Enim, dan merumuskan rekomendasi strategi penanganan permasalahan pencemaran lingkungan pada perairan Sungai Enim. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Adapun variabel penelitian yang diamati berpedoman pada Anonimous. (1991) tentang baku mutu limbah, yaitu BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, NH3-N, pH, minyak, dan lemak. Berdasarkan uji parameter pencemaran air dari arah hulu ke arah hilir, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air Sungai Enim telah mengalami penurunan yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya parameter (TSS, DO, BOD, COD, P dan Fe) yang melebihi baku mutu. Berdasarkan nilai kandungan oksigen terlarut (DO) diketahui bahwa tingkat pencemaran air Sungai Enim masuk dalam kategori tercemar ringan (>5). Berdasarkan nilai BOD, diketahui bahwa tingkat pencemaran di hilir Sungai Enim tergolong sedang (5,0-15,0) dan tidak termasuk kategori perairan yang baik (kadar BOD1 -10 ppm). Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan pencemaran di lingkungan perairan Sungai Enim berasal dari masyarakat dan instansi terkait. Sedangkan sumber yang menyebabkan pencemaran di lingkungan perairan Sungai Enim adalah kegiatan domestik, industri, dan pertambangan serta pertanian. Strategi pengendalian pencemaran air di Sungai Enim dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan inventarisasi dan identifikasi sumber pencemar air, meningkatkan pengelolaan limbah, menetapkan daya tampung beban pencemaran, meningkatkan pengetahuan dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan limbah, meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap pembuangan air limbah, dan meningkatkan pemantauan kualitas air sungai

THE STUDY OF POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL IN RIPARIAN ENIM By Khusnul Muassiroh ABSTRACT The research was conducted in the Enim River located in Muara Enim, South Sumatra Province. The Enim River is a tributary of the Musi in Palembang. River Enim very helpful activity surrounding communities, many residents who uses river for consumption, bathing, fishing , and tourist attractions . Enim river water quality deteriorated, caused by household waste and the increasing number of activities of mining companies and other companies located in the headwaters The purpose of this study was to examine the level of environmental pollution in the waters of the Enim, examined the factors or sources that cause environmental pollution in the waters of the Enim, and formulate strategic recommendations for addressing concerns of environmental pollution in the waters of the Enim. The data used in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained by sampling water and river discharge measurements, and then analyzed in the laboratory.Secondary data were obtained from various sources, such as the results of previous studies, literature, and reports and documents from various agencies related to the topic being studied. The study variables were observed guided by Anonymous (1991) on the quality of raw sewage, ie BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, NH3-N, pH, oil, and grease. Based on the test parameters of water pollution from upstream to downstream, the results showed that the water quality of the Enim has decreased as indicated by the parameters (TSS, DO, BOD, COD, P, and Fe) that exceeds quality standards. Based on the value of dissolved oxygen (DO) is known that the level of Enim water pollution into the category of lightly polluted (> 5). Based on the BOD value, it is known that the level of pollution in the downstream Enim was moderate (5.0 to 15.0) and does not include the category of good waters (BOD1 levels -10 ppm). The factors that cause pollution in aquatic environments of Enim River are from the community and relevant agencies. While the sources which are causing environmental pollution in the waters of the Enim are domestic, industrial, mining, and agriculture activities. Water pollution control strategy of the Enim can be done by increasing the inventory and identification of water pollution sources, improving waste management, setting the pollution load capacity, increasing knowledge and participation in waste management, improving the supervision of wastewater disposal, and improving river water quality monitoring.

Kata Kunci : pencemaran lingkungan, perairan, Sungai Enim